reasonvemotion wrote:... Frank Ramsey .....[whites] "In ethics it [a useful mental habit] might be a habit of doing what is good (as in Epictetus: what we do from habit is sweet to us; so practice doing what is good until it become a habit); ... in philosophy we cannot take our habits, ethical or critical, as a matter of course or for granted, we cannot simply say "It works (is useful), but I'm not concerned about why it works", ....The secret as to how to improve your life is simple. Make someone else's life easier by improving the quality of their life. Of course, I know it is futile to tell anyone how to live, since they will go their own way; but if you do want to improve your life, you now, in what follows, have some basic suggestions as to how.
First, be authentic yourself. Pretense and phoniness will get you nowhere. So, be real !
Hi, reasonvemotion
Thanks for a very constructive contribution.
You - and Frank Ramsey too - are so right !! I thought, though, that in my earlier threads and posts, and especially in the Unified Theory of Ethics essays, to which I have earlier offered links, I did explain what 'a good x' means. I did in fact "get to the root of it" when I told why we need to ask, when we use the word "good": Good as what? or Good for what? (In other words, it defines X is a good C, where C is the concept, the class of which x is a member. And for an individual, it defines x is a good X, where X is the self-concept, designated by one's proper name.)
We need to be specific... to specify what the relevant concept is. Else good communication does not take place. I hoped I had made Hartman's breakthrough clear - his Axiom of Value - which defines the terms 'value' and 'good.' I guess it still hasn't sunk in. True, it doesn't cover all usages, but defines only "x is a good C, to judge J, at time t."
I further assumed that the three basic dimensions of value, derived from that axiom plus some reasonable assumptions from mathematics, would supply us with a set of tools that show which direction to go if one wants to head toward the (moral and ethical) good. In fact, I defined the field of Ethics as: that study that arises when individuals are viewed Intrinsically. ...are seen as In-Values. Thus if we aim toward Intrinsic Value we are arriving at the good.
This informs us that when confronted with a dilemma we are better off if we
Choose mercy over 'justice' (formalities, duty, loyalty, codes, etc.)
Choose the individual over the collectivity.
Choose love over cost-benefit analyses, efficiencies, so-called 'practical consequences', etc. ...
and Choose the long-term view over short-term considerations.
These principles - along with Never murder, and Reduce suffering as much as humanly possible - are some of the main ones to which Ethics directs attention.