attofishpi wrote: ↑Sat Mar 29, 2025 12:04 pm
He states below :
“the Quran which yields a particular moral doctrine”
To which I state:
Islamic doctrine is amoral since it is not ALL moral, thus FAILS AS A "MORAL" DOCTRINE.
So, the question translates into:
When can an arbitrary set of rules be used as an axiomatization, i.e. a "doctrine"?
So, say that { R1,:R2, R3, ... } is a set of rules. Is this set a legitimate foundation for a theory, i.e. a "doctrine"?
The answer seems to revolve around the concern that if you do not explicitly specify for the resulting theory, an intended model, i.e. an intended interpretation, the doctrine must be able to carry its own interpretation:
ChatGPT: When can a set of first-order logic rules be used as an axiomatization, assuming that we do not specify an intended model?
A set of first-order logic (FOL) rules can serve as an axiomatization when it meets the following conditions:
1. Consistency: The axioms should not lead to a contradiction. That is, there should be at least one model that satisfies all the axioms.
2. Sufficient Expressiveness: The axioms should be strong enough to define the intended structures or properties of interest, even if no specific intended model is specified.
3. Deductive Closure: The axioms should allow for the derivation of all valid theorems in the system. In other words, the set of axioms should be sound (only deriving true statements in all models) and, ideally, complete (capable of deriving all true statements within the intended scope of the theory).
4. Non-redundancy (Optional): While not strictly necessary, an axiomatization is often preferred to be independent, meaning that no axiom is derivable from the others.
The most important requirements are that the doctrine must be
free from contradictions and be
deductively-closed.
That is exactly what Martin Luther pointed out during his trial in 1521:
Luther: Unless I am convinced by Scripture and plain reason - I do not accept the authority of the popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other - my conscience is captive to the Word of God.
So, nothing has changed since Luther's trial in 1521.
We know that it is the inventions by popes and councils that destroy the consistency and deductive closure of the religion's doctrine.
So, the most important requirement for a legitimate doctrine, is that it must not have a church. Islam does not have one. QED.