Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Thu Jul 04, 2024 4:56 am
Veritas Aequitas wrote: ↑Thu Jul 04, 2024 4:45 am
Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Thu Jul 04, 2024 4:08 am
I read it. But now I made sure you did, too.
But did you understand it? Apparently not. For what the author argues is that there are different kinds of "oughts," and most kinds have nothing to do with moral "oughtness." He gives the example of something like, "The Sun ought to come up in the morning." It does not mean, "The Sun is morally obligated to rise in the morning." It only means "it will probably happen."
Moral oughts are what we are considering. And you can't get a moral "ought" from a mere empirical fact, particularly in a universe that has no Authority behind its existence at all. Thus, I see nothing untrue about what he says. Where do you take issue with him?
If the author is realistic, he would have critiqued that God is not real, i.e. impossible to exists as real.
Why? Because you keep saying it? That's not a good reason to believe it.
Give your evidence that there's no God. Let's see what you've got.
I have provided the link above.
But let's look even beyond that, too. If there's no God, it wouldn't imply that there ARE "oughts." There still wouldn't be any "oughts." Getting rid of God wouldn't give you any justification for a single moral precept: in fact, it would mean you have none at all, and no hope of any.
Do you understand the general meaning of the term 'morality' that is ubiquitous to humanity and part of human nature?
see:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morality
I defined morality as the management of evil [as defined] to enable its related good to manifest.
Morality is not something that is to be enforced like legal laws or threatened with God laws.
Morality is about allowing the moral function that is already inherent to unfold naturally that enable the moral agent to act morally spontaneously without any form of coercion or incentives.
This is already happening when the majority spontaneously do not go about killing humans arbitrarily, but we want more out it.
Empirically the subject, feature and activities related to morality are ubiquitous to humans activities thus arising from human nature.
That wouldn't make them right, and it wouldn't mean we "ought" to do them. It would plausibly be like many other things human beings have done ubiquitously...slavery, rape, war, prostitution, genocide...just things we do, but we have no "ought" to do.
Just like elsewhere, "Oughts" and "ought-not-ness" are features of a moral system and the subject of morality.
So there is the oughtnot-ness to enslave, to rape, to kill another person.
Do you deny within ALL humans there is an 'oughtness' to breathe.
This is why I wanted you to read the article. To say "A human ought to breathe," would only be to say, "It is necessary for humans to continue to breathe in order to live." What it would not show is that they "owe it" to anybody to continue to live, or that they are morally wrong if, for some reason, they hold or cease their breath.
So you're being irrelevant. You don't understand what a moral "ought" is.
It is not mere necessary, it is an imperative thus more appropriate an 'oughtness to breathe'.
It is not uncommon to hear 'you ought to breathe' when one is short of breathe, e.g. after a hard exercise, etc.
First you have missed out on what is morality-proper.
You false think what is morality must be related to a God only.
...there is the ought-not-ness to kill humans.
This is evident from the following;
1. that you and the majority do not seeming go about killing humans either naturally, or due to some internal restraining forces.
2. the killing of humans by humans is a serious crime in all countries.
3. all religions generally condemn the killing of humans
Killing other people is something humans do all the time. Right now, Ukrainians and Russians are killing each other. And nations are funding the killing, rejoicing in it, and hoping to exterminate the other side. The Gazans who invaded Israel, raped women, killed old men, put babies in ovens, and still hold hostages...do they look to you like people who have any reluctance to kill? And Marxists killed 140 million in the last century...where was their sense of "oughtness"?
You've got nothing. You talk, but only because you've never understood the problem, not because you've ever had any response that makes sense.
Again you missed my critical points.
Analogy:
What are sexual facts are the physical features that trigger the sexual drive, the feeling of being sexy is subjective.
There are millions who do not have a sexual drive and are indifferent to sex at present.
This does not obviate the existence of the facts of the physical genitals and defective neural sexual mechanisms in their body and brain.
It is the same with moral facts i.e. the ought-not-ness to kill humans which is represented by the physical connected neuron in process and actions.
It is the physical mechanism and algorithm that is the moral fact not the feelings that arise from it. They exist regardless they are defective or not.
The presence of the moral fact is evident from the following;
1. that you and the majority do not seeming go about killing humans either naturally, or due to some internal restraining forces.
2. the killing of humans by humans is a serious crime in all countries.
3. all religions generally condemn the killing of humans
As I had stated, that there are many who had killed humans and that is because of the weakness and damage to the inhibitors within the "ought-not-ness to kill humans" mechanism.
But what is critical is the existence of the physical mechanisms which is active or is damaged.
So despite the evidence of killings of humans, there is still the existence of an objective moral fact of an algorithm supporting .
The task of morality is for humanity and individual[s] to increase the strength and efficiency of the inherent moral facts [the physical mechanisms] supporting the ought-not-ness to kill humans.
The test of the workings of the moral fact within a moral system is this;
2024 - 10 million humans killed by humans
2100 - 1000 humans killed by humans
the above reduction indicate the existence of the moral fact is working.