compatibilism

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iambiguous
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Re: compatibilism

Post by iambiguous »

Reconciling Determinism and Free Will: A Compatibilist Perspective
Innocent Ociti
For compatibilists, the key to freedom is the ability to act by our internal motivations, rather than being forced or coerced to act in a particular way by external factors. This means that freedom does not depend on the absence of determinism or the presence of indeterminism, but rather on the ability to act by our internal motivations and values.
Again, as though when mindless matter evolved into biological matter evolved into brain matter evolved into us, the brains of human beings "somehow" bifurcated "internally" into autonomous motivations and values...as opposed to all other matter that is entirely compelled by the laws of matter. Then back to that crucial distinction between merely believing this is true philosophically and demonstrating that it is in fact true scientifically.

Not counting those who posit a God, the God, their God. Or, sure, counting them if they can actually demonstrate that their God really does exist.
Overall, freedom from a compatibilist perspective emphasizes the importance of internal factors such as beliefs, desires, and values in the decision-making process, and argues that even if our actions are determined by prior causes, we can still act freely and take responsibility for our actions if they reflect our internal motivations and values.
Here of course it comes down to exactly what is meant by "determined by prior causes". In other words, the extent to which what we think and feel and say and do is simply not determined by them in the manner in which all other matter is.

The profound mystery of mind itself. Minds of matter able to contemplate minds as matter when the only thing that is explaining it is the mind itself. The mind explaining itself while utterly oblivious regarding the explanation for the existence of existence itself.

And in a universe beyond grasping itself:
https://facts.net/universe-facts/
https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/spac ... -universe/
https://www.google.com/search?q=mind+bo ... s-wiz-serp

Go ahead, fit human autonomy in there...objectively?
Flannel Jesus
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Re: compatibilism

Post by Flannel Jesus »

iambiguous wrote: Sun Jul 23, 2023 11:55 pm Reconciling Determinism and Free Will: A Compatibilist Perspective
Innocent Ociti
For compatibilists, the key to freedom is the ability to act by our internal motivations, rather than being forced or coerced to act in a particular way by external factors. This means that freedom does not depend on the absence of determinism or the presence of indeterminism, but rather on the ability to act by our internal motivations and values.
Again, as though when mindless matter evolved into biological matter evolved into brain matter evolved into us, the brains of human beings "somehow" bifurcated "internally" into autonomous motivations and values...as opposed to all other matter that is entirely compelled by the laws of matter.
You're still saying this same old shit? You haven't learned a single thing. Years and years of talking to yourself about this subject and you haven't learned a single thing. I suppose talking to yourself is probably one of the least effective ways to learn things, so that makes sense.

The paragraph you wrote above is a misunderstanding that people have tried to correct with you before, and you're still clinging on. Learn something, so you can move forward. Try to learn something.
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Re: compatibilism

Post by Flannel Jesus »

Just to make it explicit:

Compatibilists in general, and specifically the compatibilist whose words you are responding to, do not think human beings are an exception to the laws of physics. You've been saying the same thing for a long long time. It's not correct, that's not what that person is saying.

You have been confused about what compatibilism even means for a very long time. This is an opportunity for you to unconfuse yourself.
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Re: compatibilism

Post by iambiguous »

Flannel Jesus wrote: Mon Jul 24, 2023 9:18 am
iambiguous wrote: Sun Jul 23, 2023 11:55 pm Reconciling Determinism and Free Will: A Compatibilist Perspective
Innocent Ociti
For compatibilists, the key to freedom is the ability to act by our internal motivations, rather than being forced or coerced to act in a particular way by external factors. This means that freedom does not depend on the absence of determinism or the presence of indeterminism, but rather on the ability to act by our internal motivations and values.
Again, as though when mindless matter evolved into biological matter evolved into brain matter evolved into us, the brains of human beings "somehow" bifurcated "internally" into autonomous motivations and values...as opposed to all other matter that is entirely compelled by the laws of matter.
You're still saying this same old shit? You haven't learned a single thing. Years and years of talking to yourself about this subject and you haven't learned a single thing. I suppose talking to yourself is probably one of the least effective ways to learn things, so that makes sense.

The paragraph you wrote above is a misunderstanding that people have tried to correct with you before, and you're still clinging on. Learn something, so you can move forward. Try to learn something.
:wink:

No, seriously.
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iambiguous
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Re: compatibilism

Post by iambiguous »

Flannel Jesus wrote: Mon Jul 24, 2023 11:39 am Just to make it explicit:

Compatibilists in general, and specifically the compatibilist whose words you are responding to, do not think human beings are an exception to the laws of physics. You've been saying the same thing for a long long time. It's not correct, that's not what that person is saying.

You have been confused about what compatibilism even means for a very long time. This is an opportunity for you to unconfuse yourself.
8)

No, seriously.
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Re: compatibilism

Post by Flannel Jesus »

Yeah, seriously. You have an opportunity to learn something new, even if it's relatively small. Are you going to, or are you going to "no, seriously" your way into a future of continued incompetence and misunderstanding?
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Re: compatibilism

Post by iambiguous »

Flannel Jesus wrote: Mon Jul 24, 2023 5:07 pm Yeah, seriously. You have an opportunity to learn something new, even if it's relatively small. Are you going to, or are you going to "no, seriously" your way into a future of continued incompetence and misunderstanding?
:roll:

No, seriously!






Note to Peacegirl:

I mean, it's not like I really have any choice here, right? :wink:
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Re: compatibilism

Post by Flannel Jesus »

You're going to no, seriously yourself into permanent incompetence. That's fine, you do you.
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Re: compatibilism

Post by iambiguous »

Flannel Jesus wrote: Mon Jul 24, 2023 5:41 pm You're going to no, seriously yourself into permanent incompetence. That's fine, you do you.
:oops:

Yes, seriously.
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Re: compatibilism

Post by Iwannaplato »

iambiguous wrote: Sun Jul 23, 2023 11:55 pm Reconciling Determinism and Free Will: A Compatibilist Perspective
Innocent Ociti
For compatibilists, the key to freedom is the ability to act by our internal motivations, rather than being forced or coerced to act in a particular way by external factors. This means that freedom does not depend on the absence of determinism or the presence of indeterminism, but rather on the ability to act by our internal motivations and values.
Again, as though when mindless matter evolved into biological matter evolved into brain matter evolved into us, the brains of human beings "somehow" bifurcated "internally" into autonomous motivations and values...as opposed to all other matter that is entirely compelled by the laws of matter. Then back to that crucial distinction between merely believing this is true philosophically and demonstrating that it is in fact true scientifically.
That's more or less where scientists are at with consciousness. Dead, unthinking unaware matter and...complexity.... then more complexity and lo, consciousness emerges. (I think they're wrong, not that I can prove that, but I see the trends in what gets called conscious and it's an expanding set).

But my point in bringing up consciousness is, well, yeah, that's almost the consensus opinion. Something wasn't there, then a certain level of complexity and bang, it's there. (I'm more of a panpsychist, but that's me. I think we're very biased toward ourselves. Oh, we so special).

But anyway, perhaps you find that weird also. That dead matter if bouncing in complext enough patterns suddenly becomes aware. Consciousness emerges out of the world of objects. If you find that weird, well then it's another one of those. If you don't find that explanation of consciousness weird, you could mull over why not? I mean, if you think it's not so strange the idea that, sure, once it gets complex enough things start being aware, then perhaps the 'things somehow get free at a certainly level of complexity, isn't so weird (to you) in light of the consciousness issue)

But regardless - that was all a digression - that guy is not saying that humans are not determined. Let me say that again:

that guy is not saying humans have some kind of undetermined free will. ( he mentions freedom)

It's right there in the words:
it does not depend on the absence of determinism,
he says. And that's one compatibilist position.

The other clue about what he does mean in when he mentions 'external factors.' What's left if those aren't controlling someone? Internal factors. They are still factors, they are still determined. He is really quite clear there that determinism is not avoided somehow.

He is defining freedom unlike how some free will advocates would.

I can only expect the usual intellectual contraption accusation - still a funny one in a philosophy forum. But the kind of pure free will one finds not well flushed out in some religious people and others, where your actions have no causes at all, is a kind of pyrric victory. I mean, that means you can do things that you don't want to do, that don't fit your desires and goals. What kind of freedom is that and why would one want it. Oh, yay, I am completely free from the influence of INTERNAL factors. Yay.

I am not sure why that's good. Don't we want to do what we want? Do we really want to choose butterscotch ice cream even though we hate it?

So, this guy is viewing freedom as not being controlled by external factors such that I cannot pursue my goals, express what I want to express, try to get what I desire, try to avoid what I hate experiencing.

There are other compatiblist positions.
Not counting those who posit a God, the God, their God. Or, sure, counting them if they can actually demonstrate that their God really does exist.
Woh, that came out of nowhere.
Overall, freedom from a compatibilist perspective emphasizes the importance of internal factors such as beliefs, desires, and values in the decision-making process, and argues that even if our actions are determined by prior causes, we can still act freely and take responsibility for our actions if they reflect our internal motivations and values.
Oh, lookie, the next paragraph fits what I was saying. Real Yay: yay.
Here of course it comes down to exactly what is meant by "determined by prior causes". In other words, the extent to which what we think and feel and say and do is simply not determined by them in the manner in which all other matter is.
As usual generalized speech as if you were talking for us all. It doesn't come down to that, but perhaps that's what it comes down to FOR YOU. It's amazing how much you argue there are no universal values and yet you write as if there are and you know them. Anyway, yeah, he thinks they are determined. It's back there in the first quote.

And why isn't what you wrote in this post a bunch of intellectual contraptions. Why the fuck do you get to write intellectual contraptions but if other people write abstract stuff, oh, that's bad? [rhetorical question]

The profound mystery of mind itself. Minds of matter able to contemplate minds as matter when the only thing that is explaining it is the mind itself. The mind explaining itself while utterly oblivious regarding the explanation for the existence of existence itself.
How very odd. You say a universe beyond grasping itself and then link to information that a part of the universe has grasped about the universe. Are you upset that we don't know everything yet? I am sure it would be cool to know more, yes.

Those links seem to be a kind of 'Oh, the universe is so weird.*
Compared to what?

Or is it just a throwing up of hands?
Oh,well never know stuff.

For someone who talks a lot about potentially changing morals and opinions, you are one of the most consistant posters I have ever seen. Not just beliefs don't change, but strategy in posts, the mood of the posts.

I mean, I've seen VA's posts about as long as I've seen yours. VA, he became and antirealist in the last couple of years. He's going places.
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Re: compatibilism

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Iwannaplato wrote: Mon Jul 24, 2023 9:20 pm
iambiguous wrote: Sun Jul 23, 2023 11:55 pm Reconciling Determinism and Free Will: A Compatibilist Perspective
Innocent Ociti
For compatibilists, the key to freedom is the ability to act by our internal motivations, rather than being forced or coerced to act in a particular way by external factors. This means that freedom does not depend on the absence of determinism or the presence of indeterminism, but rather on the ability to act by our internal motivations and values.
Again, as though when mindless matter evolved into biological matter evolved into brain matter evolved into us, the brains of human beings "somehow" bifurcated "internally" into autonomous motivations and values...as opposed to all other matter that is entirely compelled by the laws of matter. Then back to that crucial distinction between merely believing this is true philosophically and demonstrating that it is in fact true scientifically.
That's more or less where scientists are at with consciousness. Dead, unthinking unaware matter and...complexity.... then more complexity and lo, consciousness emerges. (I think they're wrong, not that I can prove that, but I see the trends in what gets called conscious and it's an expanding set).

But my point in bringing up consciousness is, well, yeah, that's almost the consensus opinion. Something wasn't there, then a certain level of complexity and bang, it's there. (I'm more of a panpsychist, but that's me. I think we're very biased toward ourselves. Oh, we so special).

But anyway, perhaps you find that weird also. That dead matter if bouncing in complext enough patterns suddenly becomes aware. Consciousness emerges out of the world of objects. If you find that weird, well then it's another one of those. If you don't find that explanation of consciousness weird, you could mull over why not? I mean, if you think it's not so strange the idea that, sure, once it gets complex enough things start being aware, then perhaps the 'things somehow get free at a certainly level of complexity, isn't so weird (to you) in light of the consciousness issue)
Hmm, thinking that the "somehow" part is just...weird? Okay. But: does someone think that because they were never able not to think that or did "somehow" it "just happen" that matter evolved into us.

Or, perhaps, IC is right, and it all goes back to the Christian God. One of us will have to watch those YouTube videos.
Iwannaplato wrote: Mon Jul 24, 2023 9:20 pmBut regardless - that was all a digression - that guy is not saying that humans are not determined. Let me say that again:

that guy is not saying humans have some kind of undetermined free will. ( he mentions freedom)

It's right there in the words:
it does not depend on the absence of determinism,
he says. And that's one compatibilist position.
Right, like that too can't be an inherent, necessary manifestation of the only possible reality in the only possible world. What if determinism does, in fact, encompass absolutely everything that we think, feel, say and do.

"Okay", Mr. Serious Philosopher says, "leaving all that science stuff aside, watch me deduce free will into existence."
Iwannaplato wrote: Mon Jul 24, 2023 9:20 pmHe is defining freedom unlike how some free will advocates would.
Iwannaplato wrote: Mon Jul 24, 2023 9:20 pmI can only expect the usual intellectual contraption accusation - still a funny one in a philosophy forum.
What, like my accusations here are not in turn an inherent, necessary manifestation of the only possible world?
Iwannaplato wrote: Mon Jul 24, 2023 9:20 pmBut the kind of pure free will one finds not well flushed out in some religious people and others, where your actions have no causes at all, is a kind of pyrric victory. I mean, that means you can do things that you don't want to do, that don't fit your desires and goals. What kind of freedom is that and why would one want it. Oh, yay, I am completely free from the influence of INTERNAL factors. Yay.
Of course, even assuming that "somehow" mindless matter evolved into us in a No God universe, and we do have free will, my own main interest in that then revolves around the question, "how ought we to behave in a world that is teeming with both conflicting goods and contingency, chance and change?"

"I" in the is/ought world. Free will, yeah, but our desires and our goals [like our moral and political value judgments] are then embodied in the existential parameters of dasein as explored in my signature treads. The part the objectivists among us insist is just not applicable to them.

The part where "I" have become fractured and fragmented, but you haven't?
Here of course it comes down to exactly what is meant by "determined by prior causes". In other words, the extent to which what we think and feel and say and do is simply not determined by them in the manner in which all other matter is.
Iwannaplato wrote: Mon Jul 24, 2023 9:20 pmAs usual generalized speech as if you were talking for us all.
As usual, that's your take on my take. But let's be specific. You are reading these words. How did matter "somehow" evolve into you such that you are doing so of your own volition? If human brain matter is entirely in sync with the laws that govern all other matter in a No God universe, that is weird.

Cue the hard guys and gals? The ones conducting research and experiments involving actually functioning brains instead of attempting to define and deduce the optimal explanation into existence. Like we are.

Stooge alert! Stooge alert! Stooge alert! Stooge alert! Stooge alert! Stooge alert! Stooge alert! Stooge alert! Stooge alert! :wink:
Iwannaplato wrote: Mon Jul 24, 2023 9:20 pmIt doesn't come down to that, but perhaps that's what it comes down to FOR YOU. It's amazing how much you argue there are no universal values and yet you write as if there are and you know them. Anyway, yeah, he thinks they are determined. It's back there in the first quote.

And why isn't what you wrote in this post a bunch of intellectual contraptions. Why the fuck do you get to write intellectual contraptions but if other people write abstract stuff, oh, that's bad? [rhetorical question]
Note to others:

Click.

Sure, maybe he does know me better than I know myself. In fact, maybe he even knows you better than you know yourself!

Compelled to by his brain or not, this is oh so typical. He starts out more or less civil. But then eventually the more he thinks about me and the points I raise the more and more it perturbs him. Then out it comes.
The profound mystery of mind itself. Minds of matter able to contemplate minds as matter when the only thing that is explaining it is the mind itself. The mind explaining itself while utterly oblivious regarding the explanation for the existence of existence itself.

Iwannaplato wrote: Mon Jul 24, 2023 9:20 pmHow very odd. You say a universe beyond grasping itself and then link to information that a part of the universe has grasped about the universe. Are you upset that we don't know everything yet? I am sure it would be cool to know more, yes.
Yeah, it bothers me a lot that I will die basically oblivious to questions like this: the Big Questions that go all the way back to the existence of existence itself. And, for some of us, being ultimately oblivious to an understanding of these profound mysteries goes way, way, way beyond the fact that it would be "cool" to know them.

Again, I have thought myself into believing that my own life is essentially meaningless and purposeless. That the objective morality I once fervently believed in [both God and No God] has devolved into a profoundly problematic sense of being drawn and quartered and that any day now I might tumble over into the abyss that is oblivion.

So, I spend a few hours a day here hoping against hope that "somehow" someone might actually succeed in enabling me to yank myself up out of this rather grim hole I've dug myself down into.

Only along the way, however, I suspect my own frame of mind begins to sink in among the objectivists we have here. More and more some are less and less able to assure themselves that their frame of mind is actually more rational than my frame of mind.

It can't be right!!! It's such a terrible a way to think about the world around us!! I need God! I need philosophy! I need my very own intuitive or spiritual path to Enlightenment and salvation.

Only look how many of them there are out there:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_r ... traditions
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_p ... ideologies
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_s ... philosophy

What are the odds that their own One True Path really is? By the way, which one comes closest to your own?
Iwannaplato wrote: Mon Jul 24, 2023 9:20 pmThose links seem to be a kind of 'Oh, the universe is so weird.*
Compared to what?
Oh, I don't know, compared to the multiverse?
Iwannaplato wrote: Mon Jul 24, 2023 9:20 pmFor someone who talks a lot about potentially changing morals and opinions, you are one of the most consistant posters I have ever seen. Not just beliefs don't change, but strategy in posts, the mood of the posts.
Uh, whatever that means?
Iwannaplato wrote: Mon Jul 24, 2023 9:20 pmI mean, I've seen VA's posts about as long as I've seen yours. VA, he became and antirealist in the last couple of years. He's going places.
Really? Okay, presuming that we do have free will, note a particular context and explain to me how, in being an antirealist, he's going places. Where exactly?

Although I can certainly understand why you exchange posts with him. It's hard to get up in the clouds higher than he goes. Ever beat him?
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Re: compatibilism

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Reconciling Determinism and Free Will: A Compatibilist Perspective
Innocent Ociti
Free Actions in a Deterministic World

The question of whether there can be free actions in a deterministic world is a long-standing philosophical debate. Determinism is the view that all events, including human actions, are causally determined by previous events and conditions, and therefore the future is entirely determined by the past.
Then there are those -- both here and there -- who [to me] seem to concur with this -- "we have no free will" -- but then "somehow" "internally" we actually still do have free will. To the extent that, a few of them say, we can even create a future where evil itself is eradicated.

It all makes sense to them. But, in my view, that is only because how they think about determinism is in and of itself entirely determined by their wholly material brains.

To wit...
However, many philosophers argue that determinism does not necessarily rule out the possibility of free actions. They suggest that freedom does not require the ability to act in any way whatsoever, but rather the ability to act by one's desires and motivations, without being coerced or forced to act in a particular way.
In other words "somehow" when it comes to our desires and motivations, our brains function differently. They can't explain this scientifically or demonstrate it empirically or experientially. They just "thought about it" and figured it out "philosophically". They defined and deduced free will into existence.

They "somehow" -- of their own volition -- can "suggest" certain things about the human brain. While others suggest that what they suggest they suggest only because they were never able not to suggest it.
In this view, a person can act freely even if their actions are determined by prior causes, as long as they are acting by their own will.
Uh, huh?!

Then I come in and muddy the waters all the more for some by suggesting that in the is/ought world our desires and motivations may well be autonomous but are still no less derived existentially from dasein. That, philosophically or otherwise, there does not appear to be a way to determine what all rational men and women ought to desire or to be motivated by in any particular set of circumstances.
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Re: compatibilism

Post by iambiguous »

Reconciling Determinism and Free Will: A Compatibilist Perspective
Innocent Ociti
Some philosophers also argue that determinism is compatible with the idea of "self-determination," where a person's actions are determined by their character and values, rather than external factors. In this sense, a person's actions can be considered free if they are the result of their own autonomous choices, even if those choices are determined by their internal factors.
Back to the bifurcated brain. The brain parts that are wholly determined by the laws of matter and the brain parts revolving instead around character and values. "Somehow" here matter managed to reconfigure into autonomy. This mysterious "internal"/"external" argument that in a wholly determined universe as some are compelled to understand it is no less an inherent manifestation of the only possible reality.
Others argue that determinism does indeed rule out the possibility of free actions, as the causal chain of events leading up to a person's actions means that their choices are ultimately determined by factors beyond their control. They suggest that free will requires the ability to choose between alternative possibilities and that this is not possible in a completely determined world.
Only they too are no less "stuck" here as well. For all they know, they really do have the capacity to argue this freely. They have just autonomously managed to think themselves into believing that they don't instead. In other words, the whole surreal conundrum embedded in a brain trying to explain itself. And that brain is itself but one of billions of other brains on this unimaginably tiny slice of a unverse -- Earth -- that is in itself so unimaginably insignificant in the vastness of "all there is".

Here, I'll remind you:
Light travels at approximately 186,000 miles a second. That is about 6,000,000,000,000 miles a year.

The closest star to us is Alpha Centauri. It is 4.75 light-years away. 28,500,000,000,000 miles.

So, traveling at 186,000 miles a second, it would take us 4.75 years to reach it. The voyager spacecraft [just now exiting our solar system] will take 70,000 years to reach it.

To reach the center of the Milky Way galaxy it would take 100,000 light-years.

Or consider this:

"To get to the closest galaxy to ours, the Canis Major Dwarf, at Voyager's speed, it would take approximately 749,000,000 years to travel the distance of 25,000 light years! If we could travel at the speed of light, it would still take 25,000 years!"

The Andromeda galaxy is 2.537 million light years away.

It turns out that roughly 68% of the universe is dark energy. Dark matter makes up about 27%. The rest - everything on Earth, everything ever observed with all of our instruments, all normal matter - adds up to less than 5% of the universe.
Go ahead, fit your "free will" in there somewhere. Before you topple over into the abyss that is oblivion.

Not counting God perhaps?
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Re: compatibilism

Post by iambiguous »

Reasons Why “No Country for Old Men” Is A Nihilistic Masterpiece of American Cinema
by Hrvoje Galić
Determinism; absence of free will

Events that happen in the movie are based on choices, but they are hardly choices based on free will. When a car hits Chigurh’s vehicle at the end of the film, it can be seen as a chance or a necessity; it is irrelevant whether the former or the latter is the case, as both phenomena show that there is no free will or rational plan behind events.
Yet again, this sort of thinking simply baffles me. It encompasses the "free will determinism" I come upon here time and again in which someone argues for determinism but only as someone seemingly convinced that the argument itself is "somehow" of their own volition. The car that hits Chigurh could never have not hit him. And whether one calls it a manifestation of chance or of necessity one calls it that because in turn one was never able to call it anything other than what the brain compels one to call it. No free will and all plans are rational from the perspective of Nature. But the mystery then revolves around whether Nature itself has a perspective. With God, teleology is built right into the relationship between I and Thou. But of Nature itself in a No God universe.?
When Chigurh tells the gas station proprietor that he married into his position in life, he meant that his marrying and living in that house was not an act of will. Just the opposite, it was not reflected upon; he just happened to be there by the act of marriage.
Okay, but when Chigurh points this out it is not in a matter-of-fact manner. The inflection clearly suggests some measure of scorn. As though to note the distinction between himself as the Uberman and the gas station proprietor as the Last Man. Whereas, again, in a wholly determined universe as some understand it the two are entirely interchangeable in the only possible reality.
According to active self-determinism, which Aristotle advocated, by being critical of ourselves and self-aware we can choose regardless of our conditioning. This theory opens up space for rationality and a degree of freedom, but also acknowledges that causes for action exist.
Yes, and that's when I muddy up the waters philosophically by suggesting that in regard to value judgments in a free will world this revolves more around dasein than deontology.
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Re: compatibilism

Post by Iwannaplato »

iambiguous wrote: Sun Jul 30, 2023 8:46 pm Back to the bifurcated brain. The brain parts that are wholly determined by the laws of matter and the brain parts revolving instead around character and values. "Somehow" here matter managed to reconfigure into autonomy. This mysterious "internal"/"external" argument that in a wholly determined universe as some are compelled to understand it is no less an inherent manifestation of the only possible reality.
Could you link to a place where a compatibilist talks about bifurcated brains, please? Of if that's your term for what they said, where a compatibilist talks about 2 different parts or branches of brains, one determined one not, a link or quote from a compatibilist talking about two different parts of the brain and one is determine and one is not.

In any case I don't see two brain parts in what you quoted.
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