"If a goldfish formulated such a theory, we would have to admit the goldfish’s view as a valid picture of reality."
Here is the beginning of Chapter 3 of his Grand Design:
Realists interpret Hawking's statement below as if Hawking's still believed there is an independent ultimate reality and that Hawking was agnostic about it.FEW YEARS AGO the city council of Monza, Italy, barred pet owners from keeping goldfish in curved goldfish bowls.
The measure’s sponsor explained the measure in part by saying that it is cruel to keep a fish in a bowl with curved sides because, gazing out, the fish would have a distorted view of reality.
But how do we know we have the true, undistorted picture of reality?
Might not we ourselves also be inside some big goldfish bowl and have our vision distorted by an enormous lens?
The goldfish’s picture of reality is different from ours, but can we be sure it is less real?
The goldfish view is not the same as our own, but goldfish could still formulate scientific laws governing the motion of the objects they observe outside their bowl.
For example, due to the distortion, a freely moving object that we would observe to move in a straight line would be observed by the goldfish to move along a curved path.
Nevertheless, the goldfish could formulate scientific laws from their distorted frame of reference that would always hold true and that would enable them to make predictions about the future motion of objects outside the bowl.
Their laws would be more complicated than the laws in our frame, but simplicity is a matter of taste.
If a goldfish formulated such a theory, we would have to admit the goldfish’s view as a valid picture of reality.
"a valid picture of reality."
"undistorted picture of reality"
However if we were to read Hawking's Grand Design, one will note, Hawking actually denounce realism's [philosophical realism] mind independent reality.
Hawking stated [mine];
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_realismPhilosophers from Plato onward have argued over the years about the nature of reality.
Classical science is based on the belief that there exists a real external world whose properties are definite and independent of the observer who perceives them.
According to classical science, certain objects exist and have physical properties, such as speed and mass, that have well-defined values.
In this view our theories are attempts to describe those objects and their properties, and our measurements and perceptions correspond to them.
Both observer and observed are parts of a world that has an objective existence, and any distinction between them has no meaningful significance.
In other words, if you see a herd of zebras fighting for a spot in the parking garage, it is because there really is a herd of zebras fighting for a spot in the parking garage.
All other observers who look will measure the same properties, and the herd will have those properties whether anyone observes them or not.
In philosophy that belief is called realism [Philosophical Realism].
Though realism [Philosophical Realism] may be a tempting viewpoint, as we’ll see later, what we know about modern physics makes it [realism] a difficult one to defend.
Chapter 3 - The Grand Design
Philosophical realism is ... about a certain kind of thing is the thesis that this kind of thing has mind-independent existence, i.e. that it is not just a mere appearance in the eye of the beholder.