Peter Holmes, FlasherDangerPants, et. al. IGNORANT

[Veritas Aequitas]

Peter Holmes, FlasherDangerPants, et. al. are very IGNORANT on the subject of Morality & Ethics with their narrow, shallow and dogmatic views as empty vessels and as Ultracrepidarians.
This is very obvious as they hardly provided any relevant references and links.
Their views on morality are merely confined to the sub-views of the Anglo-American analytics philosophers [on non-cognitivism, etc.], thus very subjective and not objective.

To be objective on a subject, i.e. Morality & Ethics in this case, one must exhaust everything that is known or written about the subject, if not at least the major categories.

In arriving at the moral views I had adopted and posted, I personally have taken the trouble to cover the main topics and relevant sub-topics to ensure my views are objective & rational and not purely subjective and bias.

Here is a sample of a a list of categories covering Morality and Ethics;
https://philpapers.org/browse/ethics


Ethics
Subcategories:
Applied Ethics* (177,171)
Meta-Ethics* (16,442)
Normative Ethics* (41,704)
History of Ethics (390 | 98)
Ancient Greek and Roman Ethics* (227 | 227)
Chinese Ethics (154)
Indian Ethics* (434)
Japanese Ethics (99)
Medieval Ethics* (50)
17th/18th Century Ethics* (104)
19th Century Ethics* (27)
History of Political Philosophy* (3,190 | 3,190)
History of Meta-Ethics* (57 | 25)
History of Ethics, Misc (39)

Ethics and Society (499 | 36)
Ethics and Culture (88)
Ethics and Law (57)
Ethics and Religion (190)
Ethics and Science (75)
Ethics and Society, Misc (53)

Ethics, General Works (130)
Ethics, Misc (199)
History/traditions: Ethics
Experimental Philosophy: Ethics (703 | 14)
Stoics: Ethics (203)
Aristotle: Ethics (1,554 | 677)
Plato: Ethics (1,219 | 214)
Ancient Greek and Roman Ethics (227 | 227)
Aquinas: Ethics (17 | 7)
Medieval Ethics (238)
Locke: Ethics (154 | 69)
Kant: Ethics (5,325 | 1,942)
Leibniz: Ethics (139)
Spinoza: Ethical Theory (137 | 1)
Hegel: Ethics (121 | 71)
19th Century Ethics (27)
Chinese Philosophy: Ethics (771)
Japanese Philosophy: Ethics (273 | 210)
Husserl: Ethics (111)
Derrida: Ethics (270 | 129)
Continental Ethics (161 | 161)
Latin American Philosophy: Ethics (206)
Philosophy for Children: Ethics (101)

[Veritas Aequitas]

On the sub-category of Meta-Ethics
https://philpapers.org/browse/meta-ethics

Subcategories
Moral Judgment (314 | 76)Leonard Kahn
Amoralists (34)Leonard Kahn
Moral Cognitivism* (71)David Killoren
Moral Emotivism and Sentimentalism* (88)Nathaniel Sharadin
Moral Expressivism* (155)Nathaniel Sharadin
Internalism and Externalism about Moral Judgment (82)Leonard Kahn
Moral Noncognitivism* (60)Nathaniel Sharadin
Moral Judgment, Misc (122)Leonard Kahn
Moral Naturalism and Non-Naturalism (397 | 30)Cristian Constantinescu
Moral Naturalism (349)Cristian Constantinescu
Moral Nonnaturalism (80)Cristian Constantinescu
Moral Supervenience (26)Cristian Constantinescu
The Naturalistic Fallacy (29)Neil Sinclair
The Open Question Argument (24)Neil Sinclair
The Is/Ought Gap (41)Scott Hill
Moral Naturalism and Non-Naturalism, Misc (56)Cristian Constantinescu
Moral Realism and Irrealism (985 | 53)Neil Sinhababu
Moral Realism (216 | 37)David Killoren
Moral Cognitivism (71)David Killoren
Moral Constructivism* (43)Moises Vaca
Cornell Realism (11)David Killoren
Moral Descriptivism (6)David Killoren
Moral Functionalism (3)David Killoren
Moral Rationalism* (41)Christopher Michael Cloos
Moral Realism, Misc (81)David Killoren
Moral Nonnaturalism* (80)Cristian Constantinescu
Moral Sensibility Theories (7)David Killoren
Moral Irrealism (479 | 2)Nathaniel Sharadin
Moral Emotivism and Sentimentalism (88)Nathaniel Sharadin
Moral Error Theories and Fictionalism (57)Jeff Wisdom
Moral Expressivism (155)Nathaniel Sharadin
Moral Irrealism, Misc (10)Nathaniel Sharadin
Moral Noncognitivism (60)Nathaniel Sharadin
Moral Prescriptivism (12)Nathaniel Sharadin
Moral Projectivism (8)Nathaniel Sharadin
Moral Relativism (59)Nathaniel Sharadin
Moral Subjectivism (28)Nathaniel Sharadin
Moral Realism and Irrealism, Miscellaneous (237 | 2)
Ideal Observer Theories (13)
Moral Constructivism (43)Moises Vaca
Moral Explanation (12)Neil Sinclair
Moral Objectivity (32)Derek Haderlie
Moral Queerness (4)
Quasi-Realism (32)Cristian Constantinescu
Moral Response-Dependence (15)
Debunking Arguments about Morality (46)
Moral Realism and Irrealism, Misc (38)
Moral Epistemology (666 | 72)Christopher Michael Cloos
Moral Coherentism (15)Christopher Michael Cloos
Moral Intuitionism (60)Christopher Michael Cloos
Moral Disagreement (91)Christopher Michael Cloos
Moral Justification (72)Christopher Michael Cloos
Moral Rationalism (41)Christopher Michael Cloos
Moral Skepticism (70)Christopher Michael Cloos
Moral Uncertainty (55)William MacAskill
Reflective Equilibrium (59)Christopher Michael Cloos
Moral Epistemology, Misc (131)Christopher Michael Cloos
Moral Language (210 | 19)Justin Snedegar
Moral Expressivism* (155)Nathaniel Sharadin
Moral Prescriptivism* (12)Nathaniel Sharadin
Moral Semantics (125)Caleb Perl
Moral Language, Misc (66)Justin Snedegar
Moral Normativity (271 | 64)
Ought Implies Can (66)Guglielmo Feis
Moral Normativity, Misc (91)
Moral Norms (50)
Values and Norms* (103)
Moral Principles (168 | 14)Sean McKeever
Moral Generalism (23)Daniel James Fairbrother
Categorical and Hypothetical Imperatives* (37)Claudia Meadows
Moral Generalizations (17)Vojko Strahovnik
Moral Particularism (47)Uri D. Leibowitz
Moral Principles, Misc (47)
Moral Universalizability (20)
Moral Reasoning and Motivation (541 | 72)
Internalism and Externalism about Moral Judgment* (82)Leonard Kahn
Internalism and Externalism about Reasons* (83)Errol Lord
Moral Judgment* (314 | 76)Leonard Kahn
Moral Concepts (41)N. G. Laskowski
Moral Enhancement* (10)
Moral Motivation (108)Joshua May
Moral Rationality (109)
Moral Reasons (116)Kelly Heuer
Moral Reasoning and Motivation, Misc (95)
Moral Responsibility (861 | 117)Garrath Williams
Control and Responsibility (191)Garrath Williams
Doing and Allowing (29)Garrath Williams
Free Will and Responsibility* (264)
Moral Responsibility, Misc (196)Garrath Williams
Responsibility and Reactive Attitudes (180)Garrath Williams
Collective Responsibility (112)Garrath Williams
Psychopathology and Responsibility (36)Garrath Williams
Psychopathy and Responsibility* (29)Luca Malatesti
Responsibility in Applied Ethics* (79)Garrath Williams
Moral Value* (426 | 61)
Practical Reason* (1,436 | 48)Sergio Tenenbaum
History of Meta-Ethics (29 | 12)Neil Sinclair
Nietzsche: Meta-Ethics* (29)
Hume: Meta-Ethics* (46 | 16)Neil Sinclair
Kant: Meta-Ethics* (141 | 15)Karl Schafer
History of Meta-Ethics, Misc (17)Neil Sinclair
Meta-Ethics, Miscellaneous (216 | 41)
Meta-Ethics, General Works (55)
Meta-Ethics, Misc (120)
History/traditions: Meta-Ethics
Hume: Meta-Ethics (533 | 263)
Kant: Meta-Ethics (703 | 55)
Nietzsche: Meta-Ethics (52)

[Veritas Aequitas]

Subcategories Normative Ethics
https://philpapers.org/browse/normative-ethics

Consequentialism (2,780 | 146)Richard Y. Chappell
Utilitarianism (1,178 | 838)Anthony Skelton
Act- and Rule-Utilitarianism (63)
Varieties of Utilitarianism (69)
Objections to Utilitarianism (96)
Utility* (285)
Well-Being* (1,517 | 9)Stephen M. Campbell
Utilitarianism, Misc (112)
Varieties of Consequentialism (479 | 19)Douglas W. Portmore
Agent-Neutral and Agent-Relative Consequentialism (78)Douglas W. Portmore
Act- and Rule-Consequentalism (153)Douglas W. Portmore
Maximizing and Satisficing Consequentialism (51)Douglas W. Portmore
Varieties of Consequentialism, Misc (137)Douglas W. Portmore
Utilitarianism* (1,178 | 838)Anthony Skelton
Objective and Subjective Consequentialism (41)Douglas W. Portmore
Objections to Consequentialism (396 | 102)
Aggregation and Consequentialism (70)
Demandingness of Consequentialism (66)Kyle York
Self-Effacingness of Consequentalism (15)
Usability of Consequentialism (36)
Consequentialism, Friendship, and Commitment (44)
Objections to Consequentialism, Misc (63)
Arguments for Consequentialism (46)
Topics in Consequentialism (400 | 247)
Consequentialism in Applied Ethics (47)
Consequentialism and Deontology* (115)Matthew Hammerton
Consequentialism and Virtue Ethics* (62)Matthew Hammerton
Consequentialism and Teleology (33)
Moral Value* (1,377 | 142)
Well-Being* (1,517 | 9)Stephen M. Campbell
Consequentialism and Justice (20)
The Scope of Consequentialism (17)
Topics in Consequentialism, Misc (36)
Consequentialism, Misc (135)
Deontological Moral Theories (2,053 | 109)
Kantian Ethics (1,052 | 201)Sven Nyholm
Categorical and Hypothetical Imperatives (109)Claudia Meadows
The Good Will and Moral Worth (139)
Contradictions in Conception and in the Will (27)Jochen Bojanowski
Kant: Meta-Ethics* (703 | 55)Karl Schafer
Kant: Formula of Humanity* (135)Adam Cureton
Kant: Moral Psychology* (501 | 126)
Perfect and Imperfect Duties (104)
Kant: Categorical Imperative* (365)
Kant: Formula of Universal Law* (121)
Objections to Kantian Ethics (123)Sven Nyholm
Kantian Ethics, Misc (349)Sven Nyholm
Varieties of Deontological Moral Theories (199 | 46)
Kantian Ethics* (1,052 | 201)Sven Nyholm
Divine Command Theories (68)
Natural Law Theories (21)Claudia Meadows
Natural Rights Theories (7)
Agent-Centered Deontological Theories (24)
Patient-Centered Deontological Theories (8)
Pluralistic Deontological Theories (9)
Varieties of Deontological Moral Theories, Misc (16)
Arguments for Deontological Theories (45)
Objections to Deontological Moral Theories (76 | 14)
Paradox of Deontological Constraints (22)
Objections to Deontological Moral Theories, Misc (40)
Topics in Deontological Moral Theories (494 | 99)
The Doctrine of Double Effect (314)Ezio Di Nucci
Moral Pluralism* (150)
Ought Implies Can* (231)Guglielmo Feis
Consequentialism and Deontology* (115)Matthew Hammerton
Conflicts of Duty (43)
Deontology and Virtue Ethics* (44)Matthew Hammerton
Deontic Modals* (120)
Deontology in Applied Ethics (38)Claudia Meadows
Deontological Moral Theories, Misc (78)
Virtue Ethics (2,149 | 378)Jason Kawall
Varieties of Virtue Ethics (646 | 90)Jason Kawall
Agent-Based Virtue Ethics (32)Jason Kawall
Ethics of Care (297)Jason Kawall
Eudaimonistic Virtue Ethics (116)Jason Kawall
Pluralistic Virtue Ethics (24)Jason Kawall
Sentimentalist Virtue Ethics (27)Jason Kawall
Varieties of Virtue Ethics, Misc (60)Jason Kawall
Objections to Virtue Ethics (235 | 113)Bradford Cokelet
Applicability of Virtue Ethics (24)Bradford Cokelet
Virtue Ethics and Moral Relativism (6)Bradford Cokelet
Skepticism about Character* (208)Mark Alfano
Objections to Virtue Ethics, Misc (92)Bradford Cokelet
Topics in Virtue Ethics (548 | 106)Jason Kawall
Applied Virtue Ethics (129)Jason Kawall
Consequentialism and Virtue Ethics* (62)Matthew Hammerton
Deontology and Virtue Ethics* (44)Matthew Hammerton
Virtue Ethics and Codifiability (19)Jason Kawall
Virtue Ethics and Eudaimonia (96)Jason Kawall
Virtue Ethics and Practical Wisdom (95)Jason Kawall
Topics in Virtue Ethics, Misc (103)Jason Kawall
Virtues and Vices* (565)
Virtue Ethics, Misc (342)Jason Kawall
Ethical Theories, Miscellaneous (1,702 | 79)
Anti-Theory (122)Nick Smyth
Ethical Egoism (285)Ole Martin Moen
Moral Contractarianism (184)
Moral Contractualism (285)
Moral Pluralism (150)
Contrasting Ethical Theories (266 | 5)Matthew Hammerton
Consequentialism and Deontology (115)Matthew Hammerton
Consequentialism and Virtue Ethics (62)Matthew Hammerton
Deontology and Virtue Ethics (44)Matthew Hammerton
Contrasting Ethical Theories, Misc (40)Matthew Hammerton
Actualism and Possibilism in Ethics (66)Douglas W. Portmore
Ethical Theories, Misc (265)
Moral Value (1,377 | 142)
Theories of Moral Value (337 | 62)
Buck-Passing Accounts of Moral Value (112)
Value Pluralism (108)
Theories of Moral Value, Misc (55)
Varieties of Moral Value (471 | 182)
Agent-Relative Value (42)
Intrinsic Value* (331)
Moral Worth (126)Nathan Robert Howard
Neutral Value (14)
The Good (87)
Well-Being* (1,517 | 9)Stephen M. Campbell
Varieties of Moral Value, Misc (20)
Topics in Moral Value (326 | 58)
Axiology* (347)
Fact-Value Distinction* (38)
Incommensurability of Value* (175)Luke Elson
Intransitivity of Value* (59)
Values and Norms (239)
Topics in Moral Value, Misc (29)
Moral Value, Misc (101)
Moral Phenomena (1,984 | 55)
Apologies (8)
Beneficence (1 | 1)
Effective Altruism* (71)Antonin Broi
Charitable Giving* (109 | 12)
Beneficence in Applied Ethics* (58)
Beneficence in Medical Ethics* (110)Ruchika Mishra
Beneficence, Misc (0)
Desert (150)
Moral Dilemmas (190 | 81)
Doing and Allowing* (51)Garrath Williams
Conflicts of Duty* (43)
Incommensurability of Value* (175)Luke Elson
The Doctrine of Double Effect* (314)Ezio Di Nucci
The Trolley Problem (65)
Moral Dilemmas, Misc (44)
Moral Luck (298)Nick Smyth
Moral Risk* (0)
Obligation (208)
Promises (568)Allen Habib
Suberogation (10)
Supererogation (333)Alfred Archer
Moral Phenomena, Misc (163)
Moral Psychology (16,946 | 1,064)Joshua May
Ethics and Cognitive Science (2,134 | 560)Joshua May
Evolution of Morality (1,109)Benjamin James Fraser
Neuroscience of Ethics (170)Joshua May
Neuroethics* (2,539 | 1,544)L. Syd M Johnson
Psychology of Ethics (194)Joshua May
Skepticism about Character* (208)Mark Alfano
Ethics and Cognitive Science, Misc (101)Joshua May
Moral Character (3,345 | 1,080)
Amoralists* (86)Leonard Kahn
Authenticity (352)Nick Smyth
Honesty (114 | 1)
Honesty in Applied Ethics* (26)
Lying* (144 | 108)Neri Marsili
Deception* (366 | 70)Neri Marsili
Sincerity (113)
Honesty, Misc (0)
Integrity (670)
Moral Sainthood (30)
Personality (218)
Skepticism about Character (208)Mark Alfano
Virtues and Vices (565)
Virtue Ethics* (2,149 | 378)Jason Kawall
Wisdom* (386)Stephen Grimm
Moral Character, Misc (108)
Moral Education (313)
Moral Enhancement (18)
Moral Judgment* (1,102 | 304)Leonard Kahn
Moral Reasoning and Motivation* (1,694 | 327)
Moral States and Processes (8,488 | 2,074)
Alienation (70)
Altruism (269 | 11)
Altruism and Psychological Egoism (253)Joshua May
Altruism, Misc (5)
Evolution of Altruism* (174)
Effective Altruism* (71)Antonin Broi
Anger (222)
Blame (61)
Boredom (59)Andreas Elpidorou
Courage (130)
Cruelty (7)
Deception* (366 | 70)Neri Marsili
Disgust (94)
Emotions* (7,482 | 3,335)Demian Whiting
Empathy and Sympathy (680)Fabrizio Fasciati
Envy (91)Sara Protasi
Forgiveness (181)Brandon Warmke
Gratitude (142)Daniel Telech
Guilt and Shame (183)
Happiness (1,136)
Honesty* (114 | 1)
Hope (558)Andrew Chignell
Hypocrisy (75)
Jealousy (84)Rachel Fredericks
Kindness (30)
Philosophy of Love* (1,406 | 749)Vida Yao
Moral Deliberation (46)
Moral Imagination (185)
Moral Intuition (88)
Moral Perception (88)Robert Cowan
Moral Phenomenology (78)
Pessimism (48)Paul Warden Prescott
Pride (97)Jeremy Fischer
Resentment (42)
Schadenfreude (17)Sara Protasi
Self-Deception (421)Kevin Lynch
Tolerance (50)
Trust (1,157)Edward Hinchman
Moral States and Processes, Misc (25)
Moral Psychology, Misc (741)
Moral Emotion (843 | 340)
Moral Emotivism and Sentimentalism* (410)Nathaniel Sharadin
Responsibility and Emotion (149)Daniel Telech
Moral Emotion, Misc (354)
Normative Ethics, Miscellaneous (11,656 | 229)
Feminist Ethics (5,660)Shay Welch
Religious Ethics (4,907 | 2,761)
Buddhist Ethics (317)Jake H. Davis
Christian Ethics (1,298)
Jewish Ethics (184)
Islamic Ethics (317)
Religious Ethics, Misc (30)
Normative Ethics, General Works (287)
Normative Ethics, Misc (573)
History/traditions: Normative Ethics
Hume: Normative Ethics (593 | 299)
Kant: Normative Ethics (872 | 190)
Nietzsche: Normative Ethics (112 | 4)

[Veritas Aequitas]

In arriving at the moral views I had adopted and posted, I personally have taken the trouble to cover the main topics and relevant sub-topics to ensure my views are objective & rational and not purely subjective and bias.
That where I have ~1400 files in 86 Folders and sub-sub-folders.

[FlashDangerpants]

I have ~1400 files in 86 Folders and sub-sub-folders.

Yes, you would be the sort of person who thinks cataloging your unread papers into 86 folders is just as good as reading and understanding them would be.

[attofishpi]

I have ~1400 files in 86 Folders and sub-sub-folders.

Yes, you would be the sort of person who thinks cataloging your unread papers into 86 folders is just as good as reading and understanding them would be.

Veritas appears to be the new phenomenon of the digital age, a hoarder within the digital realm.

Veritas, do not fret you can soon be free of all this over collected tripe. A cleaner can come in and sort it out, all you need to do is allow them access to the DELETE key.

[Veritas Aequitas]

I have ~1400 files in 86 Folders and sub-sub-folders.

Yes, you would be the sort of person who thinks cataloging your unread papers into 86 folders is just as good as reading and understanding them would be.

Veritas appears to be the new phenomenon of the digital age, a hoarder within the digital realm.

Veritas, do not fret you can soon be free of all this over collected tripe. A cleaner can come in and sort it out, all you need to do is allow them access to the DELETE key.

Speaking from the basis of your incompetence.

True I do not read every words of each book and articles I collected but the point is I dig into and make a point to understand the main essence of each category of Morality and Ethics.
Once the main essence is grasp, most of it are repeated in different books and all one need is to note the differences between one book and others. One may take day[s] or week[s] to finish the first book of a new topic, but thereafter one can cover a few books of the same topic within a week.

It is efficiency that I saved the books and articles for future references.

As evidence for my understanding the full range of Morality & Ethics I have posted > 200 threads on the subject. I have not presented the full range of Morality and Ethics in this forum.
You? lazy to research-read-widely turd, yet talk so much!

[attofishpi]

You? lazy to research-read-widely turd, yet talk so much!

Ouch.

[Veritas Aequitas]

You? lazy to research-read-widely turd, yet talk so much!

Ouch.

Over the years there had been many people who had exposed my lack-of or ignorance in various essential philosophical topics and I will make it a point to read up what I had been ignorant of.

If I were you, I would rush to cover whatever I am ignorant of in the range of subjects within Morality Ethics with reference to the listing of categories I have posted above.

Recently I spent quite some time grasping the metaphysics of Aquinas which I had previously brushed away as I thought he was just like any other medieval theologian.
Someone brought Aquinas to my attention, and wow! I noted Aquinas is VERY different from the typical theologian.

Since you are into the God thingy I would recommend [if you have not] you master Aquinas Metaphysics and his FIVE WAYs.
As a starter:
Aquinas (A Beginner's Guide) Paperback – October 1, 2009
by Edward Feser

Aquinas metaphysics and his 5 proofs of God are much more effective than most theists, thus good for theists, but to me ultimately Aquinas proofs are not ultimately convincing.

[FlashDangerpants]

True I do not read every words of each book and articles I collected

"every word" ... nobody is falling for that shit from you. You've read fuck all of that lot you posted, you absurd little bullshit artist. And you wouldn't understand most of it if you did read it.

As evidence for my understanding the full range of Morality & Ethics I have posted > 200 threads on the subject

They are kind of all the same three threads though. One set is just you demanding Pete obeys some command, the middle third is just you being weird about Hume and Kant, and the remainder is mostly that stupid argument about "oughtness to breathe" repeated as if saying it 1001 times is more impressive than it was the first 1000 times.

None of your 200 threads has covered Mackie's argument from queerness, Carnap's pragmatic take or Berlin's value pluralism. You would have to get on a wiki to even find out what any of those things means because you have no depth, no breadth, no education, no talent, and no business calling anyone else ignorant.

[Skepdick]

Speaking from the basis of your incompetence.

True I do not read every words of each book and articles I collected but the point is I dig into and make a point to understand the main essence of each category of Morality and Ethics.
Once the main essence is grasp, most of it are repeated in different books and all one need is to note the differences between one book and others. One may take day[s] or week[s] to finish the first book of a new topic, but thereafter one can cover a few books of the same topic within a week.

Essence. Lol.

If you had spent even 10% of your time understanding anti-representationalism you would rapidly grok that there's no unifying theme/essence across authors; except the one your own brain/biases cling onto.

Apparently you can't even search/index through your collections...

On the pragmatist account, a criterion (what follows from the axioms, what the needle points to,
what the statute says) is a criterion because some particular social practice needs to block the
road of inquiry, halt the regress of interpretations, in order to get something done." So rigorous
argumentation-the practice which is made-possible by agreement on criteria, on stopping-places -
is no more generally desirable than blocking the road of inquiry is generally desirable." It is
something which it is convenient to have if you can get it. if the purposes you are engaged in
fulfilling can be specified pretty clearly in advance (e.g., finding out how an enzyme functions,
preventing violence in the streets, proving theorems), then you can get it. If they are not (as in
the search for a just society, the resolution of a moral dilemma, the choice of a symbol of
ultimate concern, the quest for a "postmodernist" sensibility), then you probably cannot, and you
should not try for it. If what you are interested in is philosophy, you certainly will not get it -for
one of the things which the various vocabularies for describing things differ about is the purpose
of describing things. The philosopher will not want to beg the question between these various
descriptions in advance.

[Iwannaplato]

Peter Holmes, FlasherDangerPants, et. al. are very IGNORANT

Peter Holmes was kind enough to invite me over for tea and his house is filled with philosophical works, all of them filled with his detailed annotations. Why just in the hallway to his study I saw the works listed below ALL in their original languages...I did not know about a number of these works, so there is no way I could have made this list if he did not own them and had not studied them carefully.

European and Islamic philosophy
Ancient philosophy
Heraclitus (c. early 5th century), Fragments
Parmenides (c. early 5th century), On Nature[1]
Plato (early period, c. 399 – c. 387 BC[2]), Apology
Plato (early period), Crito
Plato (early period), Euthyphro
Plato (early period), Gorgias
Plato (early period), Protagoras
Plato (early transitional period, c. 387 – c. 380 BC), Cratylus
Plato (early transitional period), Meno
Plato (middle period, c. 380 – c. 360 BC), Phaedo
Plato (middle period), Symposium
Plato (late transitional period, c. 360 – c. 355 BC), Parmenides
Plato (late transitional period), Theaetetus
Plato (late transitional period), Phaedrus
Plato (late period, c. 355 – c. 347 BC), Laws
Plato (late period), Timaeus
Plato (Bk. 1, early period. Bks. 2–10, late period), The Republic
Aristotle (fl. 384 – 322 BC), Organon
Aristotle, Physics
Aristotle, Metaphysics
Aristotle, On the Soul
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics
Aristotle, Politics
Aristotle, Rhetoric
Aristotle, Poetics
Epicurus, (341 – 270 BC), On Nature
Lucretius (fl. 99 – 55 BC), On the Nature of Things
Cicero, (106 – 43 BC), On the Commonwealth
Cicero, On the Laws
Lucius Annaeus Seneca (4BC – 65AD), Letters from a Stoic
Marcus Aurelius (161 – 180 AD), Meditations
Epictetus (108 AD), Discourses
Epictetus (125 AD), Enchiridion
Sextus Empiricus (c. 160 – 210 AD), Outlines of Pyrrhonism
Plotinus (270 AD), Enneads
Porphyry (c. 234 – 305 AD), Isagoge
Hermes Trismegistus, Corpus Hermeticum[3]
Medieval philosophy
Augustine of Hippo, Confessions, c. AD 397
Augustine of Hippo, The City of God, early 5th century
Proclus, The Elements of Theology
Damascius, Difficulties and Solutions of First Principles
Boethius, Consolation of Philosophy, c. 500
Eriugena, Periphyseon
Avicenna, The Book of Healing
Avicenna, Proof of the Truthful
Maimonides, Guide for the Perplexed
Maimonides, Mishneh Torah
Yehuda Halevi, Kuzari
Saadia Gaon, Emunoth ve-Deoth
Al-Ghazali, The Incoherence of the Philosophers
Averroes, The Incoherence of the Incoherence
Anselm, Proslogion
Thomas Aquinas, Summa contra Gentiles, c. 1260
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae
Duns Scotus, Ordinatio (aka Opus Oxoniense)[4]
Ibn Taymiyyah, Refutation of the Rationalists
William of Ockham, Summa Logicae
Early modern philosophy

Title page of Advancement of Learning by Francis Bacon
Desiderius Erasmus, The Praise of Folly, 1509 (printed 1511)
Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince, 1513 (printed 1532)
Niccolò Machiavelli, Discourses on Livy, 1517 (printed 1533)
Michel de Montaigne, Essays, 1570–1592 (printed 1580–1595)
Sir Francis Bacon, Novum Organum, 1620
Hugo Grotius, De jure belli ac pacis, 1625
René Descartes, Rules for the Direction of the Mind, 1628
René Descartes, Discourse on the Method, 1637
René Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy, 1641
René Descartes, Principles of Philosophy, 1644
René Descartes, Passions of the Soul, 1649
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651
Blaise Pascal, Pensées, 1670
Baruch Spinoza, Ethics, 1677
Baruch Spinoza, Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, 1677
Gottfried Leibniz, Discourse on Metaphysics, 1686
Nicolas Malebranche, Dialogues on Metaphysics, 1688
John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1689
John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1689
Anne Conway, The Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern Philosophy, 1690
Gottfried Leibniz, New Essays on Human Understanding, 1704 (printed 1765)
George Berkeley, Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, 1710
Gottfried Leibniz, Théodicée, 1710
Gottfried Leibniz, Monadology, 1714 (printed 1720)
Giambattista Vico, The New Science, 1725, 1730, 1744
Francis Hutcheson, An Inquiry into the Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue, 1725
David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, 1738–1740
Julien Offray de La Mettrie, Man a Machine, 1747
David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, 1748
Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, 1748
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the Arts and Sciences, 1750
Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopédie of Diderot, 1751
David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, 1751
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men, 1754
Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, 1759
Voltaire, Candide, 1759
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emile, or On Education, 1762
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract, 1762
Voltaire, Treatise on Tolerance, 1763
Thomas Reid, Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense, 1764
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776
Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, 1781
Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, 1785
Thomas Reid, Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man, 1785
Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, 1788
Jeremy Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, 1789
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, 1790
Immanuel Kant, Critique of Judgement, 1790
Marquis de Condorcet, Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind, 1794
Joseph de Maistre, Considerations on France, 1797
Sophie de Condorcet, Letters on Sympathy, 1798
Thomas Paine, Rights of Man, 1791
Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, 1792
Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Foundations of the Science of Knowledge, 1794
Nineteenth-century philosophy
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit, 1807
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Science of Logic, 1812–1817
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Philosophy of Right, 1820
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Philosophy of History, printed 1837
Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation, 1819–1859
Auguste Comte, Course of Positive Philosophy, 1830–1842
Søren Kierkegaard, Either/Or, 1843
Søren Kierkegaard, Fear and Trembling, 1843
Søren Kierkegaard, The Concept of Anxiety, 1844
Søren Kierkegaard, Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments, 1846
Max Stirner, The Ego and Its Own, 1844
Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto, 1848
Karl Marx, Das Kapital, 1867–1894
John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, 1859
John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism, 1861–1863
John Stuart Mill, Harriet Taylor Mill, The Subjection of Women, 1869
Herbert Spencer, System of Synthetic Philosophy, 1862–1892
Henry Sidgwick, The Methods of Ethics, 1874
Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, 1883–1891
Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil, 1886
Friedrich Nietzsche, On the Genealogy of Morals, 1887
Henri Bergson, Time and Free Will, 1889
Henri Bergson, Matter and Memory, 1896
Asian philosophy
Indian philosophy
The Upanishads
The Bhagavad Gita ("The Song of God")
Samkhya school
Isvarakrsna, Sankhya Karika
Nyaya school
Aksapada Gautama, Nyaya Sutras
Vaisheshika school
Kanada, Vaisheshika Sutra
Yoga school
Patañjali, Yoga Sutras
Swami Swatamarama, Hatha Yoga Pradipika
Vedanta school
Vyasa, Brahma Sutras
Mīmāṃsā school
Jaimini, Purva Mīmāṃsā Sutras
Jainism / Jain literature
Jain Scriptures
Jain Agamas (Digambara)
Jain Agamas (Śvētāmbara)
Buddhism / Buddhist texts
Pāli Canon
Mahayana sutras
Tamil
Thiruvalluvar, Thirukkural
Chinese philosophy
Zhou Dynasty
Kongzi, Analects (likely written later by followers)
Kongzi, Five Classics (compiled)
Sun tzu, Art of War
Laozi, Dao De Jing
Warring States
Mengzi, [The] Mengzi
Mo Tzu, Mozi
Zhuangzi, Chuang Tzu
Han Fei, [The] Han Feizi
Song Dynasty
The Record of Linji
Zhou Dunyi, The Taiji Tushuo
Zhu Xi, Four Books [compiled]
Zhu Xi, Reflections on Things at Hand, 1175
Japanese philosophy
Pre-Meiji Buddhism
Kukai, Attaining Enlightenment in this Very Existence, 817
Honen, One-Sheet Document, 1212
Shinran, Kyogyoshinsho, 1224
Dogen Zenji, Shōbōgenzō, 1231–1253
Hakuin Ekaku, Wild Ivy
Early modern
Zeami Motokiyo, Style and Flower, approx. 1400 AD
Miyamoto Musashi, The Book of Five Rings, approx. 1600 AD
Contemporary philosophical texts
Epistemology
Bertrand Russell, The Problems of Philosophy, 1912
G. E. Moore, "A Defence of Common Sense", 1925
Jacques Maritain, The Degrees of Knowledge, 1932
Olaf Helmer and Nicholas Rescher, "On the Epistemology of the Inexact Sciences", 1959
Edmund Gettier, "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?", 1963
Roderick Chisholm, Theory of Knowledge, 1966/1989
W. V. O. Quine, "Epistemology Naturalized", 1971
Peter Unger, Ignorance: A Case for Scepticism, 1975
Richard Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, 1979
Stanley Cavell, The Claim of Reason: Wittgenstein, Skepticism, Morality, and Tragedy, 1979
Alvin Goldman, "What is Justified Belief?", 1979
Ernest Sosa, "The Raft and the Pyramid: Coherence versus Foundations in the Theory of Knowledge", 1980
Laurence Bonjour, The Structure of Empirical Knowledge, 1985
John Hardwig, "Epistemic Dependence", 1985
Alvin Goldman, Epistemology and Cognition, 1986
Stephen Stich, The Fragmentation of Reason: Preface to a Pragmatic Theory of Cognitive Evaluation, 1990
Susan Haack, Evidence and Inquiry: Towards Reconstruction in Epistemology, 1993/2009
John McDowell, Mind and World, 1994
David K. Lewis, "Elusive Knowledge", 1996
Alvin Goldman, Knowledge in a Social World, 1999
Jürgen Habermas, "Truth and Justification", 1999
Timothy Williamson, Knowledge and its Limits, 2000
Donald Davidson, Subjective, Intersubjective, Objective, 2001
Hilary Kornblith, Knowledge and its Place in Nature, 2002
Jonathan Kvanvig, The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding, 2003
Michael A. Bishop and J. D. Trout, Epistemology and the Psychology of Human Judgment, 2005
Jason Stanley, Knowledge and Practical Interests, 2005
Miranda Fricker, Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing, 2007
Keith DeRose, The Case for Contextualism: Knowledge, Skepticism, and Context, 2009
Metaphysics
Henri Bergson, "Introduction to Metaphysics", 1903
G. E. Moore, "The Refutation of Idealism", 1903
Henri Bergson, Creative Evolution, 1907
William James, Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking, 1907
John Dewey, Experience and Nature, 1925/1929
Alfred North Whitehead, Process and Reality, 1929
R. G. Collingwood, An Essay on Metaphysics, 1940
W. V. O. Quine, "On What There Is", 1948
Rudolf Carnap, Meaning and Necessity: A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic, 1947/1956
Rudolf Carnap, "Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology", 1950
W. V. O. Quine, "Two Dogmas of Empiricism", 1951
Errol Harris, The Foundations of Metaphysics in Science, 1965
Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity, 1972/1980
D. M. Armstrong, Universals and Scientific Realism, 1978
W. V. O. Quine, Theories and Things, 1981
Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Knowledge and the Sacred, 1981
Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons, 1984
David K. Lewis, On the Plurality of Worlds, 1986
Peter van Inwagen, Metaphysics, 1993/2015
Nicholas Rescher, Process Metaphysics: An Introduction to Process Philosophy, 1996
E. J. Lowe, The Possibility of Metaphysics: Substance, Identity, and Time, 1998
Stephen Mumford, Dispositions, 1998
Amie Thomasson, Fiction and Metaphysics, 1999
Theodore Sider, Writing the Book of the World, 2011
David Chalmers, Constructing the World, 2012
Timothy Williamson, Modal Logic as Metaphysics, 2013
Philosophy of mind
Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of Mind, 1949
Wilfrid Sellars, "Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind", 1956
Herbert Feigl, "The 'Mental' and the 'Physical'", 1958
David K. Lewis, "An Argument for the Identity Theory", 1966
Thomas Nagel, "What Is it Like to Be a Bat?", 1974
Jerry Fodor, The Language of Thought, 1975
Hilary Putnam, "The Meaning of 'Meaning'", 1975
Tyler Burge, "Individualism and the Mental", 1979
Paul Churchland, "Eliminative Materialism and Propositional Attitudes", 1981
Jerry Fodor, The Modularity of Mind: An Essay on Faculty Psychology, 1983
John Searle, Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind, 1983
Stephen Stich, From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science: The Case Against Belief, 1983
Ruth Garrett Millikan, Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories: New Foundations for Realism, 1984
Patricia Churchland, Neurophilosophy: Toward a Unified Science of the Mind-Brain, 1986
Thomas Nagel, The View from Nowhere, 1986
Mark Johnson, The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason, 1987
Roger Penrose, The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds and The Laws of Physics, 1989
Daniel Dennett, Consciousness Explained, 1991
Francisco J. Varela, Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch, The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience, 1991
David Chalmers, The Conscious Mind, 1996
Andy Clark, Being There: Putting Brain, Body and World Together Again, 1997
Andy Clark & David Chalmers, The Extended Mind, 1998
Shaun Gallagher, How the Body Shapes the Mind, 2005
Andy Clark, Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive Extension, 2008
David Chalmers, The Character of Consciousness, 2010
Cordelia Fine, Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference, 2010
Evan Thompson, Mind in Life, 2010
Andy Clark, Surfing Uncertainty: Prediction, Action, and the Embodied Mind, 2015
Philosophy of religion
William James, "The Will to Believe", 1896
William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature, 1902
Aldous Huxley, The Perennial Philosophy, 1945
Alvin Plantinga, God and Other Minds: A Study of the Rational Justification of Belief in God, 1967
Dewi Zephaniah Phillips, Religion Without Explanation, 1976
Richard Swinburne, The Existence of God, 1979
William Lane Craig, The Kalam Cosmological Argument, 1979
Alvin Plantinga, "Is Belief in God Properly Basic?", 1981
Jean-Luc Marion, God Without Being, 1982
J. L. Mackie, The Miracle of Theism: Arguments for and against the Existence of God, 1982
John Hick, An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent, 1989/2004
William Alston, Perceiving God: The Epistemology of Religious Experience, 1991
J. L. Schellenberg, Divine Hiddenness and Human Reason, 1993
William L. Rowe, "The Evidential Argument from Evil: A Second Look", 1996
Alvin Plantinga, Warranted Christian Belief, 2000
Jay L. Garfield, Empty Words: Buddhist Philosophy and Cross-Cultural Interpretation, 2001
Keith Yandell, Philosophy of Religion: A Contemporary Introduction, 2002
Logic and philosophy of logic
Charles Sanders Peirce, "How to Make Our Ideas Clear", 1878
Gottlob Frege, Begriffsschrift, 1879
Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead, Principia Mathematica, 1910–13/1925–27
Kurt Gödel, "On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems", 1931
Frank P. Ramsey, Foundations of Mathematics and other Logical Essays, 1931
Alfred Tarski, "The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages", 1933/1956
Alfred Tarski, Introduction to Logic and to the Methodology of the Deductive Sciences, 1941/1994
Wilfrid Sellars, "Inference and Meaning", 1953
Alfred Tarski, Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics: Papers from 1923 to 1938, 1956/1983
William Kneale and Martha Kneale, The Development of Logic, 1962
Saul Kripke, "Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic", 1963
Donald Davidson, "Truth and Meaning", 1967
Willard Van Orman Quine, Philosophy of Logic, 1970/1986
David K. Lewis, Counterfactuals, 1973
Susan Haack, Philosophy of Logics, 1978
Peter Spirtes, Clark Glymour, and Richard Scheines, Causation, Prediction, and Search, 1993
Robert Brandom, Articulating Reasons: An Introduction to Inferentialism, 2000
Philosophy of language
Gottlob Frege, "On Sense and Reference", 1892
Bertrand Russell, "On Denoting", 1905
Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (also called The Tractatus), 1921
A. J. Ayer, Language, Truth, and Logic, 1936
Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations, 1953
J. L. Austin, How To Do Things With Words, 1955/1962
J. L. Austin, "A Plea for Excuses", 1956
Willard Van Orman Quine, Word and Object, 1960
H. Paul Grice, "Logic and Conversation", 1967/1987
Stanley Cavell, Must We Mean What We Say? A Book of Essays, 1969/1976
John Searle, Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language, 1969
Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity, 1972/1980
David K. Lewis, "General Semantics", 1972
Donald Davidson, "Radical Interpretation", 1973
Donald Davidson, "On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme", 1973
Michael Dummett, Frege: Philosophy of Language, 1973/1981
Michael Devitt and Kim Sterelny, Language and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Language, 1987/1999
Cora Diamond, The Realistic Spirit: Wittgenstein, Philosophy, and the Mind, 1991
Robert Brandom, Making it Explicit: Reasoning, Representing, and Discursive Commitment, 1994
John McDowell, Meaning, Knowledge and Reality, 1998
General philosophy of science
William Whewell, The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences: Founded upon their History, 1840
John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, 1843
William Stanley Jevons, The Principles of Science: A Treatise on Logic and Scientific Method, 1874
Charles Sanders Peirce, Illustrations of the Logic of Science, 1877–1878
Karl Pearson, The Grammar of Science, 1892
Henri Poincaré, Science and Hypothesis, 1902, and The Value of Science, 1905
Hermann Weyl, Philosophy of Mathematics and Natural Science, 1927/1949
Otto Neurath, "Physicalism: The Philosophy of the Viennese Circle", 1931
Karl Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, 1934/1959
John Dewey, Logic: The Theory of Inquiry, 1938
Rudolf Carnap, Logical Foundations of Probability, 1950/1962
Hans Reichenbach, The Rise of Scientific Philosophy, 1951
Stephen Toulmin, The Philosophy of Science: An Introduction, 1953
Nelson Goodman, Fact, Fiction, and Forecast, 1955
Michael Polanyi, Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-critical Philosophy, 1958
Ernest Nagel, The Structure of Science: Problems in the Logic of Scientific Explanation, 1961
Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 1962/1996
Carl Gustav Hempel, Aspects of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays in the Philosophy of Science, 1965
Mario Bunge, Scientific Research: Strategy and Philosophy (republished in 1998 as Philosophy of Science), 1967
Stephen Toulmin, Human Understanding: The Collective Use and Evolution of Concepts, 1972
Mario Bunge, Treatise on Basic Philosophy, 8 volumes, 1974–1989
Michael Friedman, "Explanation and Scientific Understanding", 1974
Roy Bhaskar, A Realist Theory of Science, 1975
Paul Feyerabend, Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge, 1975/1993
Larry Laudan, Progress and its Problems: Towards a Theory of Scientific Growth, 1978
David K. Lewis, "How to Define Theoretical Terms", 1979
Marx W. Wartofsky, Models: Representation and the Scientific Understanding, 1979
Bas C. van Fraassen, The Scientific Image, 1980
Carolyn Merchant, The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution, 1980
Wesley C. Salmon, Scientific Explanation and the Causal Structure of the World, 1984
Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life, 1985
Ronald Giere, Explaining Science: A Cognitive Approach, 1988
David Hull, Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science, 1988
Paul Thagard, Computational Philosophy of Science, 1988
Helen Longino, Science as Social Knowledge: Values and Objectivity in Scientific Inquiry, 1990
Peter Achinstein, Particles and Waves: Historical Essays in the Philosophy of Science, 1991
Lorraine Code, What Can She Know? Feminist Theory and the Construction of Knowledge, 1991
Sandra Harding, Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking from Women's Lives, 1991
Paul Thagard, Conceptual Revolutions, 1992
John Dupré, The Disorder of Things: Metaphysical Foundations of the Disunity of Science, 1993
Deborah Mayo, Error and the Growth of Experimental Knowledge, 1996
E. O. Wilson, Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, 1998
John Ziman, Real Science: What it Is, and What it Means, 2000
Patrick Suppes, Representation and Invariance of Scientific Structures, 2002
Hasok Chang, Inventing Temperature: Measurement and Scientific Progress, 2004
William C. Wimsatt, Re-Engineering Philosophy for Limited Beings: Piecewise Approximations to Reality, 2007
Nancy J. Nersessian, Creating Scientific Concepts, 2008
Heather Douglas, Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal, 2009
Peter Godfrey-Smith, Theory and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science, 2009
William Bechtel and Robert C. Richardson, Discovering Complexity: Decomposition and Localization as Strategies in Scientific Research, 2010
Philosophy of particular sciences
Philosophy of mathematics
Gottlob Frege, The Foundations of Arithmetic, 1884
Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, Principia Mathematica, 1910–13/1925–27
Bertrand Russell, Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy, 1919
Eugene Wigner, "The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences", 1960
Paul Benacerraf and Hilary Putnam, Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings, 1964/1983
Paul Benacerraf, "What Numbers Could not Be", 1965
Paul Benacerraf, "Mathematical Truth", 1973
Ian Hacking, The Emergence of Probability: A Philosophical Study of Early Ideas about Probability, Induction and Statistical Inference, 1975
Imre Lakatos, Proofs and Refutations, 1976
Hartry Field, Science without Numbers: A Defence of Nominalism, 1980/2016
Penelope Maddy, Realism in Mathematics, 1990
George Boolos, Logic, Logic and Logic, 1998
Mark Colyvan, The Indispensability of Mathematics, 2001
Penelope Maddy, Second Philosophy: A Naturalistic Method, 2007
Philosophy of physics
Pierre Duhem, The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory, 1906
Albert Einstein, The Meaning of Relativity, 1922
Hans Reichenbach, The Philosophy of Space and Time, 1928/1957
Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, Nathan Rosen, "Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality be Considered Complete?", 1935
Arthur Eddington, Philosophy of Physical Science, 1939
Werner Heisenberg, Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science, 1958
Adolf Grünbaum, Philosophical Problems of Space and Time, 1963/1973
John Stewart Bell, "On the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen Paradox", 1964
Rudolf Carnap, Philosophical Foundations of Physics, 1966
Lawrence Sklar, Space, Time, and Spacetime, 1974
Nancy Cartwright, How the Laws of Physics Lie, 1983
Michael Friedman, Foundations of Space-Time Theories: Relativistic Physics and the Philosophy of Science, 1983
John Stewart Bell, Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics: Collected Papers on Quantum Philosophy, 1987/2004
Lawrence Sklar, Philosophy of Physics, 1992
Lawrence Sklar, Physics and Chance: Philosophical Issues in the Foundations of Statistical Mechanics, 1993
Roland Omnès, Quantum Philosophy: Understanding and Interpreting Contemporary Science, 1994/1999
Jeffrey Bub, Interpreting the Quantum World, 1997
Roberto Torretti, The Philosophy of Physics, 1999
Craig Callender and Nick Huggett, Physics Meets Philosophy at the Planck Scale: Contemporary Theories in Quantum Gravity, 2001
Harvey Brown, Physical Relativity: Space-time Structure from a Dynamical Perspective, 2005
Laura Ruetsche, Interpreting Quantum Theories: The Art of the Possible, 2011
Philosophy of biology
Erwin Schrödinger, What is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell, 1945
David Hull, Philosophy of Biological Science, 1974
Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin, "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme", 1979
Stephen Jay Gould, The Mismeasure of Man, 1981/1996
Richard Dawkins, The Extended Phenotype, 1982
Ernst Mayr, The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance, 1982
Elliott Sober, The Nature of Selection: Evolutionary Theory in Philosophical Focus, 1984
Michael Ruse, Taking Darwin Seriously: A Naturalistic Approach to Philosophy, 1986
Kristin Shrader-Frechette and Earl D. McCoy, Method in Ecology: Strategies for Conservation, 1993
Elliott Sober, Philosophy of Biology, 1993/2000
Daniel C. Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life, 1995
Martin Mahner and Mario Bunge, Foundations of Biophilosophy, 1997
Kim Sterelny and Paul E. Griffiths, Sex and Death: An Introduction to Philosophy of Biology, 1999
Sandra Mitchell, Biological Complexity and Integrative Pluralism, 2003
Denis Noble, The Music of Life: Biology Beyond the Genome, 2006
Samir Okasha, Evolution and the Levels of Selection, 2006
Elliott Sober, Evidence and Evolution: The Logic Behind the Science, 2008
Michael Ruse, The Philosophy of Human Evolution, 2010
Philosophy of chemistry
Eric Scerri and Lee C. McIntyre, "The Case for the Philosophy of Chemistry", 1997
Davis Baird, Eric Scerri, and Lee C. McIntyre (eds.), Philosophy of Chemistry: Synthesis of a New Discipline, 2006
Philosophy of psychology
William James, The Principles of Psychology, 1890
B. F. Skinner, Science and Human Behavior, 1953
Abraham Kaplan, The Conduct of Inquiry: Methodology for Behavioral Science, 1964
Paul E. Meehl, "Theory-Testing in Psychology and Physics: A Methodological Paradox", 1967
Roy Bhaskar, The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences, 1979/2015
John Robert Anderson, Cognitive Psychology and its Implications, 1980/2019
Ned Block (ed.), Readings in Philosophy of Psychology, 1981
Mario Bunge and Rubén Ardilla, Philosophy of Psychology, 1987
Paul E. Meehl, "Theoretical Risks and Tabular Asterisks: Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, and the Slow Progress of Soft Psychology", 1992
George Botterill and Peter Carruthers, The Philosophy of Psychology, 1999
Steven Pinker, The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature, 2002
Jesse Prinz, Gut Reactions: A Perceptual Theory of Emotion, 2004
Philosophy of economics
Lionel Robbins, An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science, 1932
Kenneth Arrow, Social Choice and Individual Values, 1951/1963
Ludwig von Mises, The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science, 1962
Joan Robinson, Economic Philosophy, 1962
Kenneth E. Boulding, "Economics as a Moral Science", 1969
Amartya Sen, On Economic Inequality, 1973
Elizabeth S. Anderson, Value in Ethics and Economics, 1993
Paul Ormerod, The Death of Economics, 1994
Amartya Sen, Development as Freedom, 1999
Steve Keen, Debunking Economics: The Naked Emperor of the Social Sciences, 2001/2011
Ethics and value theory
Ethics
G. E. Moore, Principia Ethica, 1903
John Dewey and James Hayden Tufts, Ethics, 1908/1932
W. D. Ross, The Right and the Good, 1930
G. E. M. Anscombe, "Modern Moral Philosophy", 1958
C. H. Waddington, The Ethical Animal, 1960
Peter Singer, "Famine, Affluence, and Morality", 1972
J. L. Mackie, Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong, 1977
Sissela Bok, Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life, 1978
Philippa Foot, Virtues and Vices: And Other Essays in Moral Philosophy, 1978
Alan Gewirth, Reason and Morality, 1978
Peter Singer, Practical Ethics, 1979/2011
Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue, 1981/2007
Samuel Scheffler, The Rejection of Consequentialism, 1982/1994
Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons, 1984
Bernard Williams, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy, 1985
David Gauthier, Morals by Agreement, 1986
Peter Railton, "Moral Realism", 1986
Martha Nussbaum, The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy, 1986
Paul W. Taylor, Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics, 1986
Holmes Rolston III, Environmental Ethics: Duties to and Values in the Natural World, 1988
Susan Hurley, Natural Reasons: Personality and Polity, 1989
Shelly Kagan, The Limits of Morality, 1989
Allan Gibbard, Wise Choices, Apt Feelings: A Theory Of Normative Judgment, 1990
Joan Tronto, Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care, 1993
Annette Baier, Moral Prejudices: Essays on Ethics, 1994
Michael A. Smith, The Moral Problem, 1994
Christine Korsgaard, The Sources of Normativity, 1996
Peter Unger, Living High and Letting Die: Our Illusion of Innocence, 1996
Thomas M. Scanlon, What We Owe to Each Other, 1998
Rosalind Hursthouse, On Virtue Ethics, 1999
Philippa Foot, Natural Goodness, 2001
Allan Gibbard, Thinking How to Live, 2003
Jonathan Dancy, Ethics Without Principles, 2004
Michael Huemer, Ethical Intuitionism, 2005
Virginia Held, The Ethics of Care: Personal, Political, and Global, 2006
Derek Parfit, On What Matters, 2011/2017
Meta-ethics
P. F. Strawson, "Freedom and Resentment", 1962
John McDowell, "Virtue and Reason", 1972
John McDowell, "Non-Cognitivism and Rule-Following", 1981
Jürgen Habermas, Justification and Application: Remarks on Discourse Ethics, 1993
Bioethics
Paul Ramsey, Fabricated Man: The Ethics of Genetic Control, 1970
Paul Ramsey, The Patient as Person: Explorations in Medical Ethics, 1970
Judith Jarvis Thomson, "A Defense of Abortion", 1971
Don Marquis, "Why Abortion is Immoral", 1989
Identity
Edward Said, Orientalism, 1978
Judith Butler, "Performative Acts and Gender Constitution", 1988
Judith Butler, Gender Trouble, 1990
Kwame Anthony Appiah, The Ethics of Identity, 2005
Sara Ahmed, On Being Included: Racism and Diversity in Institutional Life, 2012
Sally Haslanger, Resisting Reality: Social Construction and Social Critique, 2012
Aesthetics
Benedetto Croce, Aesthetic: As Science of Expression and General Linguistic, 1902
Jacques Maritain, Art and Scholasticism, 1920
John Dewey, Art as Experience, 1934
R. G. Collingwood, The Principles of Art, 1938
Susanne Langer, Problems of Art: Ten Philosophical Lectures, 1957
Monroe Beardsley, Aesthetics: Problems in the Philosophy of Criticism, 1958
George Kubler, The Shape of Time: Remarks on the History of Things, 1962
Virgil Aldrich, Philosophy of Art, 1963
Nelson Goodman, Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols, 1968/1976
Richard Wollheim, Art and Its Objects, 1968
Rudolf Arnheim, Visual Thinking, 1969
Theodor Adorno, Aesthetic Theory, 1970
Richard Schechner, Essays on Performance Theory, 1976/2004
Arthur Danto, The Transfiguration of the Commonplace: A Philosophy of Art, 1981
Noël Carroll, The Philosophy of Horror, or Paradoxes of the Heart, 1990
Kendall Walton, Mimesis as Make-Believe: On The Foundations of the Representational Arts, 1990
Richard Shusterman, Pragmatist Aesthetics: Living Beauty, Rethinking Art, 1992/2000
Arthur Danto, After the End of Art: Contemporary Art and the Pale of History, 1997
Berys Gaut, Art, Emotion and Ethics, 2007
Social philosophy
Philosophy of education
John Dewey, Democracy and Education, 1916
B.F. Skinner, Walden Two, 1948
Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 1968
Philosophy of history
Maurice Mandelbaum, The Problem of Historical Knowledge: An Answer to Relativism, 1938
R. G. Collingwood, The Idea of History, 1946
Karl Löwith, Meaning in History: The Theological Implications of the Philosophy of History, 1949
Patrick Gardiner, The Nature of Historical Explanation, 1952
Muhsin Mahdi, Ibn Khaldun's Philosophy of History: A Study in the Philosophic Foundation of the Science of Culture, 1957
E. H. Carr, What Is History?, 1961
Arthur Danto, Analytical Philosophy of History, 1965
Philosophy of law
Roscoe Pound, An Introduction to the Philosophy of Law, 1954
H. L. A. Hart, The Concept of Law, 1961
Lon L. Fuller, The Morality of Law, 1964/1969
Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously, 1977
John Finnis, Natural Law and Natural Rights, 1980/2011
David Lyons, Ethics and the Rule of Law, 1984
Ronald Dworkin, Law's Empire, 1986
Political philosophy
Jacques Maritain, Integral Humanism: Temporal and Spiritual Problems of a New Christendom, 1936
John Dewey, Freedom and Culture, 1939
Jacques Maritain, The Rights of Man and Natural Law, 1942
Friedrich Hayek, The Road to Serfdom, 1944
Karl Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies, 1945
Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 1951
Isaiah Berlin, "Two Concepts of Liberty", 1958
Bruno Leoni, Freedom and the Law, 1961
John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 1971
Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia, 1974
Michael J. Sandel, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, 1982/1998
Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality, 1983
Joseph Raz, The Morality of Freedom, 1986
Paul Ricœur, Lectures on Ideology and Utopia, 1986
Jürgen Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, 1992
Axel Honneth, The Struggle for Recognition: The Moral Grammar of Social Conflicts, 1992
John Rawls, Political Liberalism, 1993
Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights, 1995
Nancy Fraser, Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the "Postsocialist" Condition, 1997
Roberto Mangabeira Unger, Democracy Realized: The Progressive Alternative, 1998
Amartya Sen, The Idea of Justice, 2009
Alan Thomas, Republic of Equals: Predistribution and Property-Owning Democracy, 2017
Continental philosophy
Phenomenology and existentialism
Edmund Husserl, Logical Investigations, 1900/1901
Edmund Husserl, Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy, 1913
Max Scheler, Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Values, 1913/1916
Martin Buber, I and Thou, 1923
Martin Heidegger, Being and Time, 1927
Edmund Husserl, Cartesian Meditations, 1931
Alfred Schütz, The Phenomenology of the Social World, 1932
Albert Camus, Myth of Sisyphus, 1942
Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness, 1943
Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Phenomenology of Perception, 1945
Jacques Maritain, Existence and the Existent, 1947
Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex, 1949
Emmanuel Levinas, Totality and Infinity, 1961
Emmanuel Levinas, Otherwise than Being, or Beyond Essence, 1974
Jean-Luc Marion, Being Given, 1997
Hermeneutics and deconstruction
Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method, 1960
Paul Ricœur, Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation, 1965
Jacques Derrida, Of Grammatology, 1967
Hans-Georg Gadamer, Philosophical Hermeneutics, 1976
Paul Ricœur, Interpretation Theory: Discourse and the Surplus of Meaning, 1976
Paul Ricœur, Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences: Essays on Language, Action, and Interpretation, 1981
John McDowell, "Gadamer and Davidson on Understanding and Relativism", 2002
Structuralism and post-structuralism
Georges Bataille, The Accursed Share, 1949
Michel Foucault, The Order of Things, 1966
Gilles Deleuze, Difference and Repetition, 1968
Gilles Deleuze, The Logic of Sense, 1969
Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Capitalism and Schizophrenia, 1972–1980
Jean Baudrillard, The Mirror of Production, 1973
Luce Irigaray, Speculum of the Other Woman, 1974
Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish, 1975
Jean Baudrillard, Simulacra and Simulation, 1981
Critical theory and Marxism
György Lukács, History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1923
Karl Korsch. Marxism and Philosophy, 1923
Herbert Marcuse, Reason and Revolution: Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory, 1941
Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, Dialectic of Enlightenment, 1944
Herbert Marcuse, Eros and Civilization, 1945
Henri Lefebvre, Critique of Everyday Life, 1947, 1961, 1981
Jean-Paul Sartre, Critique of Dialectical Reason, 1960
Herbert Marcuse, One-Dimensional Man, 1964
Louis Althusser, Reading Capital, 1965
Theodor Adorno, Negative Dialectics, 1966
Cornelius Castoriadis, The Imaginary Institution of Society, 1975
G. A. Cohen, Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defense, 1978
Jürgen Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action, 1981
Marshall Berman, All That Is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity, 1982
Alain Badiou, Being and Event, 1988
Chinese and Japanese thought
Kitaro Nishida, An Inquiry into the Good, 1911
Kitaro Nishida, From the Acting to the Seeing, 1923–27
Suzuki Daisetsu Teitaro, An Introduction to Zen Buddhism, 1934
Feng Youlan, A History of Chinese Philosophy, 1934
Feng Youlan, New Rational Philosophy, 1939
"A Manifesto for a Re-appraisal of Sinology and Reconstruction of Chinese Culture",[5] 1958
Keiji Nishitani, Religion and Nothingness, 1961

[Iwannaplato]

Peter Holmes, FlasherDangerPants, et. al. are very IGNORANT

And Flashdangerpants was kind enough to show me all the world leaders who have come to him with questions regarding ethics and morals. My epistemology does not allow me to question people who can copy and paste lists...... He could not possibly have made the following list if he didn't know them personally and been consulted by them. FDP is an EXPERT, as demonstrated by, well, the list, so poop on you, VA, goshdarnit! Who has consulted you? No one, or you would have posted a list, but you can't.

Rank Name Organization Age
#1 Xi Jinping China 69
#2 Vladimir Putin Russia 70
#3 Donald Trump United States 76
#4 Angela Merkel Germany 68
#5 Jeff Bezos Amazon.com 58
#6 Pope Francis Roman Catholic Church 86
#7 Bill Gates Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 67
#8 Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud Saudi Arabia 37
#9 Narendra Modi India 72
#10 Larry Page Alphabet 49
#11 Jerome H. Powell United States 69
#12 Emmanuel Macron France 45
#13 Mark Zuckerberg Facebook 38
#14 Theresa May United Kingdom 66
#15 Li Keqiang China 67
#16 Warren Buffett Berkshire Hathaway 92
#17 Ali Hoseini-Khamenei Iran 83
#18 Mario Draghi European Central Bank 75
#19 Jamie Dimon Chase 66
#20 Carlos Slim Helu America Movil SAB de CV (ADR) 82
#21 Jack Ma Alibaba Group 58
#22 Christine Lagarde International Monetary Fund 67
#23 Doug McMillon Wal-Mart Stores 56
#24 Tim Cook Apple 62
#25 Elon Musk Tesla 51
#26 Benjamin Netanyahu Israel 73
#27 Ma Huateng Tencent Holdings 51
#28 Larry Fink BlackRock 70
#29 Akio Toyoda Toyota Motor 66
#30 John L. Flannery General Electric 61
#31 Antonio Guterres United Nations 73
#32 Mukesh Ambani Reliance Industries Ltd. 65
#33 Jean-Claude Juncker European Union 68
#34 Darren Woods ExxonMobil 57
#35 Sergey Brin Alphabet 49
#36 Kim Jong-un North Korea 38
#37 Charles Koch Koch Industries 87
#38 Shinzo Abe Japan 68
#39 Rupert Murdoch News Corp 91
#40 Satya Nadella Microsoft 55
#41 Jim Yong Kim World Bank 63
#42 Stephen Schwarzman Blackstone Group 75
#43 Khalifa bin Zayed Al-Nahyan United Arab Emirates 75
#44 Haruhiko Kuroda Japan 78
#45 Abdel Fattah el-Sisi Egypt 68
#46 Li Ka-shing CK Hutchison Holdings 94
#47 Lloyd Blankfein Goldman Sachs Group 68
#48 Recep Tayyip Erdogan Turkey 68
#49 Bob Iger Walt Disney 71
#50 Michel Temer Brazil 82
#51 Michael Bloomberg Bloomberg 80
#52 Wang Jianlin Dalian Wanda Group 68
#53 Mary Barra General Motors 61
#54 Moon Jae-in South Korea 69
#55 Masayoshi Son Softbank Corp. 65
#56 Bernard Arnault LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton 73
#57 Justin Trudeau Canada 51
#58 Robin Li Baidu 54
#59 Michael Dell Dell 57
#60 Hui Ka Yan China Evergrande Group 64
#61 Lee Hsien Loong Singapore 70
#62 Bashar al-Assad Syria 57
#63 John Roberts United States 67
#64 Enrique Pena Nieto Mexico 56
#65 Ken Griffin Citadel LLC 54
#66 Aliko Dangote Dangote Group 65
#67 Mike Pence United States 63
#68 Qamar Javed Bajwa Pakistan 62
#69 Rodrigo Duterte Philippines 77
#70 Abigail Johnson Fidelity Investments 61
#71 Reed Hastings - 62
#72 Robert Mueller United States 78
#73 Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Islamic State 51
#74 Jokowi Widodo Indonesia 61
#75 Gianni Infantino FIFA 52

[Iwannaplato]

As evidence for my understanding the full range of Morality & Ethics I have posted > 200 threads on the subject.

Dattaswami is hot on your tail. I guess he will soon be a philosophical expert.
I didn't realize that stopping responding in one's thread when it's not going well and starting a new thread on exactly the same topic leads to or demonstrates expertise. I can see now that my understanding of how one develops expertise is limited.

[Peter Holmes]

Wow. All those texts. All that reading. And still not one valid and sound argument for moral objectivism - the existence of even one moral fact. Nothing but equivocation, question-begging and flummery.