henry quirk wrote: ↑Tue Dec 28, 2021 2:27 am
(I)f all the particles in the universe, including those that make up the brain, possess no consciousness, no understanding, no comprehension of meaning, no freedom, then how can they give birth to understanding and freedom. There must be another factor, and it would have to be non-material.
The fundamental mistake here is the false assumption that life, consciousness, and volition are things, like substances or entities. They are not things, they are attributes (properties or qualities), which do not exist at all separate from those entities they are the attributes of.
It is this mistake that has befuddled all of philosophy. It is obvious there is life, consciousness, and human volition and equally obvious they are not physical things, leading to the false assumption, there must be other things which are not physical. [Since the physical is usually considered all that exists, "naturally," the other, "existents," are falsley assumed be, "supernatural."]
Material existence is all that exists and has the nature it has, independent of anyone's consciousness or knowledge of that existence. The physical attributes of material existence are all the attributes of existence which can be discovered by being directly perceived or deduced from that perceived evidence, i.e. the physical sciences. The mistaken assumption of philosophy is that the physical attributes of material existence are all the attributes material existence can have. The physical attributes are all the attributes that can be directly percieved, but there is neither evidence or any reason to assume those are the only attributes possible to material existence.
In fact, it is ludicrous to deny the evidence of life, consciousness, and volition just because they cannot be directly perceived. They are undeniable facts. But it must be understood,
they are not things, not substances, not some kind of independent existents. They are only attributes of some physical entities, attributes that cannot be explained in terms of the physical attributes, but additional,
perfectly natural attributes, in addition to the physical attributes.