Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sat Mar 21, 2020 3:13 pm
Veritas Aequitas wrote: ↑Sat Mar 21, 2020 7:03 am
Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Fri Mar 20, 2020 2:58 pm
THIS is the problem. There are no "justifiable moral secular oughts."
More than that. Not just "guides" but standards. And the standards themselves don't produce moral improvement, anymore than a thermometer could "produce" the temperature of the atmosphere; the standards can only tell us when we have
obtained or
located the right actions...it cannot make them happen.
You are too rhetorical here by sliding to a thermometer.
Morality do not work like thermometer with variable standards that are set by humans subjectively.
Thermometers are not arbitrary. If they were, no two would agree.
They are oriented to things like absolute zero, or to O Celsius, the freezing point of water. But they do have to be calibrated; and that means we have to know a fixed point, like absolute zero, in order to know when the level of mercury indicates anything. Otherwise, all we have is a tube with liquid metal in it.
If you are bring in absolute zero, i.e.
then yes, such a standard can be used to guide improvement in temperature.
Scientists has used this absolute zero [an impossibility] to guide improvements in achieving lower and lower temperature, note;
While scientists can not fully achieve a state of “zero” heat energy in a substance, they have made great advancements in achieving temperatures ever closer to absolute zero (where matter exhibits odd quantum effects).
In 1994, the NIST achieved a record cold temperature of 700 nK (billionths of a kelvin).
In 2003, researchers at MIT eclipsed this with a new record of 450 pK (0.45 nK).
https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/absolute_zero.htm
It is because scientists has justified and established an absolute zero temperature -273.15C, that they are able to make improvements in the achievements of reaching lower temperature by
changing and tuning the related variables.
Otherwise if they has reached -200C, they may think they have reached the absolute.
But for secular morality, we have no such marks. We can't calibrate our moral-ometer from the natural world, because the natural world contains no moral marking points like "absolute morality, and in any case, an "is" does not give us an "ought"; and we can't calibrate our moral-ometer by universal consensus, because for any point we choose, people disagree.
Note the absolute coldest possible temperature also do not exist in the natural world and it is impossible to achieve such a state in nature. [see the above].
It is the same with secular morality.
The absolute moral standards do not exist in nature and not possible in practice, but the absolute moral standard can be justified from empirical evidence and philosophical reasoning.
This absolute moral standard [ought] is then used as a GUIDE only and never enforced.
The moral ought as a GUIDE only can then guide improvement in human behaviors.
The moral ought re no killing of another human is represented as absolutely ZERO death via killing by another human.
If the present count is 1,000,000 death, the ethical actions are then to reduce this 1 million towards absolute zero death by
changing and tuning the related variables.
When effective strategies are made, moral improvements will be made, i.e. the number killed will be reduced progressively towards the future.
As I had argued, within Morality [Pure] we justified from empirical evidences and philosophical reasoning the absolute ideal of the Highest Good.
You keep saying this.
But you can't list the empirical evidence you think justifies morality, and tell me what the absolute ideal of the Highest Good is. We don't have what you are claiming we have.
Prove me wrong, if you think I am: just list these "empirical evidences" you think give us morality, and tell me what "the Highest Good" is, so we can all aim at it.
If you can't, then you're just talking about what you WISH we had, but we do not have.
The highest Good is the preservation of the human species optimally as evident empirically.
There is a hierarchy of good that support the highest Good.
One of the contributing objective is ZERO death via killing by another human being.
All humans should adopt the Highest God and the hierarchy of goods as a GUIDE to guide them towards moral improvements.
Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Fri Mar 20, 2020 2:58 pm.. the standards themselves don't produce moral improvement,
Why not?
Easy. Take an easy standard, such as "The purest gold must be 99.9999% free of other metals," say. That's a very empirical standard. It is, in fact, the standard for Perth gold, the purest gold ever minted.
Now, how many gold bars has that standard MADE pure? Not one. The standard itself never smelted a single bar. Rather, it was the standard or "thermometer," if you like, used to decide when the Perth bar had already been smelted by someone. A standard never MADE anything happen, not in all of human history. Rather, human beings referred to that standard to decide whether or not they had arrived at some particular point. That's all.
Morality is a set of standards. It is not a magical "human improvement" machine. Knowing that, say, giving charity to orphans is good, does not prize one single pound, dollar or shekel out of your pocket. It feeds no empty bellies, and provides neither clothing nor shelter.
"The purest gold must be 99.9999% free of other metals,"
It is the necessity of such a stipulated standard that will drive every gold miner and producer to improve on their quality and purity to improve on the existing quality if they have not done so.
In general, these universal standards of physical objects are used for various reasons and cannot be compared to morality which involved behaviors.
Your charity to orphan is off tangent to this discussion.
As I had explained, the moral absolute of ZERO DEATH killed by another human as a GUIDE will guide humans to improve by reducing the number of people killed by another human.
In addition, there is a need for an efficient Framework and System of Morality and Ethics to ensure everyone is guided to improve one's moral competence via various self-development programs without force but on a voluntary basis.
Let say,
the absolute Moral Ought is,
"no human shall kill another human"
But that isn't true. So we can't "say" that without being arbitrary, and, in fact, wrong.
First of all, people (empirically speaking) kill all the time. You need an "ought." But you aren't going to be able to get one from any reference to empirical situations ("is" situations) and you certainly don't have one in this case. People DO kill.
Secondly, it's not at all true that killing is always bad. If a man breaks into another's house, with the aim of stealing his possessions, harming his children and raping his wife, and the man fights back, and in the course of the struggle kills the home-invader, he's not a murderer...he's a hero.
- the absolute Moral Ought is,
"no human shall kill another human"
note this is only a GUIDE and not to be enforced. I have repeated this many times.
Yes, due to human nature at the present state, some humans will kill another human for various reasons. This is why we have 400,000 homicides in 2017 worldwide.
It there is no absolute moral standard, people will accept 400,000 homicides per year as the norm and would not be bothered to do anything about it.
All humans are also "programmed" for improvements over any existing state.
But it is only that we must have an absolute moral standard [ought] as a GUIDE that we are able to generate a
negative variance to drive reduction and continuous improvements.
Get the point?
It is obvious we will not be able to achieve the impossible ZERO Death via killing of another human from 400,000 homicides but there will be a progressive trend towards the impossible ZERO, provided we are focus on the impossible ZERO target.
There will definitely be the number of killing due to self-defense, passion-killing, accidental, non-premeditated.
Now if our target is ZERO Death regards of what type of killing, the expected negative variance will drive humanity to find preventive solutions to manage the variables involved in self-defense, passion-killing, accidental, non-premeditated.
If we can manage the impulse of those who has strong tendencies to be violent, to hurt, to kill others, then there will be less opportunity for others to be in a state to defend oneself from attack by others.
As you will note from the above, you are always a few step behind because your thinking is shallow and narrow as evident. [This is not ad hominen but stating the facts].
In addition you missed my point.
{don't think it is because of my English, but rather your philosophical confirmation bias}
Suggest you do what Peter Holme did,
he paraphrased my points and seek confirmation and we had to go tru a few posts before he got to understand [not agree] my point.