Back in the 1950's a mathematician named Taniyama, after converting some elliptic equations and modular forms into their DNA forms, found those examples to be the same. His partner, Shimura, found more examples and led him and others to propose these two areas were the same. Finally Andrew Wiles in the 1990's formally proved that elliptic equations and modular forms are the same (as explained in Simon Singh's book Fermat's Enigma). This accomplishment removed the biggest puzzle in math going back over 350 years.
I've been reading about other areas of math that superficially seem different, yet may be the same. My questions are how many seemingly different areas of math are there, but are actually the same? Can you provide examples? Could this lead to new foundations of math?
PhilX