Ginkgo wrote:
...The thinking at the moment is that consciousness is not unified. Basically, this means there is no neural core,or center of consciousness. Conscious thoughts don't always occur in the same place and sometimes a thought can occur in several places in the brain at the same time.
Descartes has indirectly influenced many and has given rise to the wrong idea that when we receive information through our senses this information ends up as a crescendo of data going to the pace where it should go. That is, the neural center of consciousness which is where all of this sensory information is transformed into thoughts. A casual explanation for dis unity runs into a number of problems when we start to talk about spike trains and the brain.
Ginkgo,
Remember please that Descartes was a pioneer in this kind of thinking. Mistakes were inevitable.
He came from Catholicism, and was trying to reconcile the notion of the soul as both spirit and mind, with the physicality of the brain to which soul was attached. He fixated upon the pineal gland as the "focal point" (my words, not his) of the soul because it was the only single, non-divided biological mechanism within the brain.
Descartes saw the "soul" as the conscious mind, i.e., the entity responsible for consciousness.
He knew that the brain was bi-hemispheral, two of everything duplicated left and right-- except the pineal gland. The soul had to be a single entity connected, somehow, to a bicameral brain. It was perfectly reasonable to assume that soul would be connected to the only other one-of-a-kind component of the brain-- the pineal gland. Hence, some of the errors in his thinking.
Descartes did what could be done with the limited science of his time-- a time in which but one of Newton's three laws of mechanics had been discovered (by Galileo). Descartes' mathematics led to the science needed to expand his ideas.
For example, Descartes did not appreciate the mathematical validity of imaginary numbers. These pesky mathematical entities come about when one tries to calculate the square root of a negative number. Imaginary numbers would seem irrelevant-- except that when we expand Maxwell's equations to describe the transmission of electromagnetic waves (radio waves, TV received through a good old-fashioned antenna, light, etc.) imaginary numbers are exponential terms in those equations.
And those equations tell us how radio and TV antennas work. Look at your car's antenna. It is a linear stick, not a point. More interesting,
from the perspective of the incoming radio waves that it detects, your antenna looks pretty much like a bunny's ear, extended in three-dimensional space-time.
Had he been armed with this knowledge derived with the assistance of his own mathematical insights, would Descartes have settled upon a point-source, the pineal gland, as his antenna for the soul? I think not.
I think that he would have sought a larger, more complex series of mechanisms unique to the human brain that capture and restrain the soul, holding it hostage to the input/output devices of the brain during the brain's life, with the point of leaving the soul conscious of its existence at the end of biological life.
In this scenario, the soul has the freedom to roam within the confines of the human skull, learning how to translate information from all points within the brain, and how to control its connected body in minute detail, according to its focus, and dependent upon the body's limits.
As extreme examples of this spectrum of physiological focus-- the Green Bay Packers' previous quarterback, Brett Favre, could pick up a baseball with either foot. Stephen Hawking can "speak" by moving his eyeballs. Advanced yogis can control their metabolic rate.
Clearly, if soul exists (
beon, in my parlance) it is free to roam within the brain, confined only by a biochemical leash that it can learn to stretch.