I think it's more likely that mathemeticians have stumbled upon a natural law of reality and incorporated it into maths. Rather than maths is reality.
"Euclid Alone Has Looked on Beauty Bare."
Maths is not a reality, it is a method of describing reality, sometimes it stumbles across a mysterious rule of nature and incorporates it into maths for example it just lo happens that the decay constant is modelled almost precisely by log(x) which is an inverse of e^x.
e^-lamda t is a logarithm or negative exponential or decay.
It's perhaps not surprising that the exponential model is quite good at modelling population growth over short periods of time, although it tends to inaccuracy over any period more than 10-100 years depending on population size and various external "random" factors.
The law as stated is that the lower the energy a system has to undergo the more likely that system will be to adopt that model.
The same can be said of then all that governs nature, and so it's hardly surprising such an expedient or pragmatic solution is found in many forms in nature.
No it's not all nature it's just extremely common for example trees can be modelled with fractal growth which is another simple reoccurring sequence related to fibonnaci type sequences.
A bubble adopts the least energy shape to volume, bees make honeycombs hexagonal because it is the most efficient shape possible for the purpose.
Did you know why the surface of a pond has such a high surface tension that some animals can walk across it? It's because as you manipulate the liquid it tries to arrange itself into the most energetically stable and hence least volume per surface area, this explains why water forms a sphere such as a rain drop, although gravity often deforms it. This doesn't mean maths by magic has stumbled upon reality, it means if you use some simple rules in maths you can produce some pretty complex models, hence chaos theory and fractals.
It just so happens that the constant coupling of electrons is:

= 7.29735257×10^−3
If the figure was much higher or lower matter would not be able to form, does that mean anything though? It's rather tautological to assume because we exist the laws of nature must be magic or divine or whatever you like to imagine explains the universe.