I guess what Popeye intends by "biology" is nature, in particular human nature.Eodnhoj7 wrote: ↑Mon Sep 29, 2025 11:21 pmBiology does not exist in and of itself.popeye1945 wrote: ↑Mon Sep 29, 2025 5:19 am Human rights do not exist as something that exists in and of themselves. Biology is the measure and the meaning of all things, which makes humanity the creator of a world it wishes to live in. All things that we find meaningful, we have given them that meaning. Even pack animals like wolves have wolf rights; it is fundamentally a matter of self-interest and compassion for your fellows. The creation of meaning/s is a biological function that enables us to move more safely and survive in the world. The physical world has no meaning/s in and of itself; it is meaningless in the absence of biological consciousness. To say that human rights are not necessary is simply foolish. We need society as a tool for survival. Without the compassion of our fellows and a structured moral system, society would cease to be a shelter from the storm of an uncaring physical world. We would not survive. Society, culture, systems of morality, and institutions are our biological extensions, our creations, expressions of the desires, wants, and needs of human nature. They have meaning because they are meaningful to us, plain and simple. We create physical things, and the meanings and uses for them to serve our self-interests for survival and well-being. Not realizing this is to live your life in a state of naive realism, you believe all things are just as they seem.
Biology defined as study of living systems is a human construct, useful but not the measure of all else. Of course we realise that biology undefined by parameters flows into biochemistry, chemistry, physics, dietetics, human geography, economics, and so forth.
Without parameters the study of living systems can even account for the insight that allows H. Sapiens to see himself as part of the Gestalt. Such insight is a basic cause of mythic narratives and so to religions.
Moral philosophy, which includes philosophy of rights, is an art not a natural science.