Though I mention one of the others, I focused on perceptual illusions.Veritas Aequitas wrote: ↑Tue Oct 15, 2024 3:51 am According to Kant there are three types of illusions;
-empirical illusions of the senses
It seems like between Direct Realism and Indirect Realism there is 1) a difference in degree: illusions are in a sense endemic in indirect realism,while they are more exceptional in direct realism. 2) there would be some spectrum in indirect realism from merely mediated, to mediated in a very misleading way (illusion).
I talked about this, though it's more complex than you go into here. And then there's antirealism....There is no difference in terms of the transcendental illusion between direct and indirect realism.
Both claim there is an absolutely mind-independent reality out there which exists regardless of whether there are human or not.
The difference is whether the "illusions" are mediated [IR] or not [DR].
If we go with Kant, the only possible illusion is when we think we are experiencing objective reality or a noumenon directly. But that's not really perception; it's more like how we think about our experience. Or?
I'm talking about perception, here. There cannot be perceptual illusions for Kant, because to consider something an illusion IN CONTRAST WITH OTHER phenomena would be an implict claim to knowing noumena's true nature.According to Kant, transcendental illusions arise due to hypostatization and subreption where it is assumed there is a mind-independent reality beyond experience and the empirical.
So if we take a cliche
Perceptual Illusions: A simple illusion, like a stick appearing bent in water, would be an example of our mind organizing sensory input in a way that doesn’t match the object as it appears under different conditions (air vs. water). While the stick isn’t “bent” in the noumenal sense, our senses interpret it as such due to the way our perceptual apparatus works.
Kant cannot say that the bent image of the stick is any more an illusion than the image of the straight stick in one medium (for ex. air) Because that would imply we really know what the stick ding an sich is. For all we know it is bendy and straight in some inconceivable way for us.
The indirect realist and the direct realist decide that the two medium image is misleading about the object itself.
No, this is where you are confused. You are assuming, if you do this, that there is a persistant shape to the actual stick, the ding an sich. A Kantian can only say that in certain situations X will be experienced and in others Y. The Kantian cannot say one perception is an illusion.Kant recognizes the "bent stick" as an empirical illusion which can be easily exposed upon detail examinations to determine the empirical actual stick.
You do not consider implications and what is entailed. And you do not notice how your common sense assumptions bias the way you interpret even Kant - a bias he often had himself, and it is something we all have to struggle with.