Iambiguous wrote: This comes closest to upending my own "fractured and fragmented" frame of mind. People tap me on the shoulder and ask "can you seriously believe that the Holocaust or abusing children or cold-blooded murder is not inherently, necessarily immoral?"
And, sure, the part of me that would never, could never imagine my own participation in things of this sort has a hard time accepting that, yes, in a No God world they are still behaviors able to be rationalized by others as either moral or, for the sociopaths, justified given their belief that everything revolves around their own "me, myself and I" self-gratification.
And what is the No God philosophical -- scientific? -- argument that establishes certain behaviors as in fact objectively right or objectively wrong? Isn't it true that philosophers down through the ages who did embrace one or another rendition of deontology always included one or another rendition of the transcending font -- God -- to back it all up?
For all I know, had my own life been different...for any number of reasons...I would myself be here defending the Holocaust. Or engaging in what most construe to be morally depraved behaviors.
After all, do not the pro-life folks insist that abortion itself is no less a Holocaust inflicted on the unborn? And do not the pro-choice folks rationalize this behavior with their own subjective sets of assumptions.
Though, okay, if someone here is convinced they have in fact discovered the optimal reason why we should behave one way and not any other, let's explore that in a No God world.
What would be argued when confronting the Adolph Hitlers and the Ted Bundys and the 9/11 religious fanatics and the sociopaths among us. Arguments such that they would be convinced that the behaviors they choose are indeed inherently, necessarily immoral.
How would you reason with them?
It seems to me that whether in a Yes-God World or in a No-God World the nature of the problem does not in fact change that much.
The problem that you have identified, and as some say are *stuck* in, is not one that all of us are unfamiliar with. And that whether we are believers or no believers in God (the transcending font as you charmingly put it)(and funnily there is actually a font named Transcend).
I have myself, in my own strange ways, grappled with the problem, and in lots of interchanges with Harry (mostly by email but also on another defunct forum) have presented what I think corresponds to your *fractured and fragmented* position. Once, I was an adamant *supporter* of Israel's conquest (a sort of reconquest) of Palestine. I saw clearly that in order to take that position I would have to *justify* a bold, barefaced conquest (robbery, displacement, and likely the eventual annihilation) of the conquered people. It seemed a paradigmatic example of *what actually goes on* in all places, and all times. It just so happened that this particular instance was ultra-modern, and for this reason (for the opponents) ultra-problematic and (for the proponents) one that required amazing feats of rhetorical gymnastics.
Contemplating the issue then, it seemed conclusive that there is no dimension of human life on the planet, anywhere, that is not riddled with problems on top of problems that really cannot be resolved decisively. It seemed to me, then, that the greater degree of what I termed *ownership interest* in material affairs and enterprises in this world, the more *complicit* one was --
unavoidably. There is no action that a life form takes (I reasoned through reference to ecological models) that did not seek its own advantage or advance at the cost of other life forms.
The simple example is cultivation of the soil. It is the human activity most associated with sane, benign and productive human effort, and yet it is in fact immensely problematic when examined. It involves destruction and displacement of life forms and ecological systems but where it is successful is the basis of entire cultural systems. Take as an example the conquest of the pristine Mississippi Basin, one of the largest virgin ecological systems that remained. The conquest and cultivation of it created the economic base that allowed the USA to come into existence and prosper. It is said that the annihilation of the Native peoples was the great crime but in fact there is another sort of *crime* that is far more significant: the destruction of en entire ecological system (equal in many ways to that of the Amazon Basin today).
So I explained *The World* by having such a reference, but moreover one where one clearly had one's own self-interest which entered into the picture and determined how one chose to adjudicate it morally.
So you can see, through these examples, that I establish a paradigm that is rooted in *problem*. If this is so then the nature of the world, and the nature of the problems and conflicts that we will always face, from now until life ends (here), is one that
undergirds existence. There is no way around it, and there is no way out of it.
So 'fracture' and 'fragmentation' are terms that need to be examined. First, when Iambiguous uses the term, he means in relation to his former Christian conviction. That is to say when he adopted that specific worldview which, I suppose, we'd have to label the Genesis Model. He defines a problem that is post-Christian but also rooted in Americanism. However, I would suggest that this is a superficial encapsulation of the problem -- the real problem -- which is as I have outlined it: there is no way to *circle a square* -- to get harmony from disharmony, peace from chaos, etc.
The individual has been placed in an impossible situation and in relation to that essential problem has to make choices. If he can, or if someone can, wave a wand, or a branch, or a cross, or holy water, or recite liberating mantras over him, and absolve him of his complicit condition, then psychologically he might get along (having been *absolved*).
He can therefore *imagine* absolution, and he can also really & honestly believe that it had been granted by a higher metaphysical power, but this changes
nothing about the core situation. Now, perhaps genuine 'absolution' is offered I really do not know. But there we see how metaphysical truths or facts enter into the dynamic. On one hand (
perhaps) as real effects from some invisible reality, but also it must be said as neurotic solutions, and therefore false solutions, to a crazy-making problem: life itself, reality itself.
My own view, or understanding if you wish, does not and I think cannot negate that we are (that we must be) in a
Yes-God world and I understand
the evidence to be that we are confronted with the problem. The *problem* circumscribes and contains and conditions us, and the problem is infused with moral tension. The moral problem is one of infused intensity. To the degree that there is human awareness (and everything depends on that honed awareness so that without it human being descends to a state of non-comprehension) the greater the moral tension that rises up in the individual.
I think I grasp the atheist's argument, of course (who doesn't?) and it is really quite compelling overall. Nevertheless my own *strategy* in regard to the Question is resolved, to some degree, by defining God as *existing*
in the realm of metaphysical principle. Now, who is aware of this? And who could even become aware of this (the realm of
the metaphysical)? The metaphysical country is one that has to be
discovered because it is hardly evident in the as-it-is world. Discovered or invented? I must say discovered because, in my way of seeing, it all had to be latent and is latent within the creation and manifestation itself.