SpheresOfBalance wrote:1) So called, red shift, can't be seen as such, unless you experience cpa, so: blue -> actual variably indeterminate value -> red.
I don't know what cpa is. As I understand it, red shift is measured by comparing the absorption lines in the spectra of stars and galaxies. The patterns of absorption lines for elements are unique and well understood. In the spectra of galaxies beyond the Milky Way, with a few exceptions in the local group, the absorption lines are found closer to the red end of the spectrum. This is consistent with the lengthening of the wavelength of the 'photons' and, to me, the simplest explanation is that the galaxies are moving away from us.
SpheresOfBalance wrote:2) Standard candle has no place, due to continuously variable composition of any particular star.
The vast bulk of the vast majority of stars is initially Hydrogen. Due to fusion this converts into helium, which if the star is massive enough, then fuses to form carbon and on to form other elements ending with iron. The idea of the standard candle is simply that any two stars which start out more or less the same, will behave more or less the same. Why wouldn't they?
SpheresOfBalance wrote:3) Electromagnetic energy can either be reflected, scattered, absorbed, rarefied or unhindered.
Indeed.
SpheresOfBalance wrote:4) Doppler shift is over time, and the extreme distances, relative to any given arbitrary relative trajectory, precludes the necessity of any particular deduction.
Well yes, but the commonly accepted one is a viable hypothesis, as far as I can tell.
SpheresOfBalance wrote:5) Expansion or supernova resultant? As a result, how many relative trajectories are there, after 13 billion years, as many as possible, I'd presume.
Many (most) of the galaxies that have had their spectra examined are nowhere near 13 billion light years away. The ones which are show the greatest red shift, again consistent with an expanding universe.
SpheresOfBalance wrote:6) Also, remember if you will, that many stars, that you think you see, are actually "now," no longer there. Much of what you see happened then, and as such is not necessarily relevant to now. How can it be said to be currently expanding, if the indicators are of the past?
I don't see that it makes any difference whether the source of electromagnetic radiation still exists or not; the photons emmitted any time up to 13 billion years ago won't suddenly stop in their tracks or cease to exist just because the star that spat them out has blown up.
Cerveny wrote:- balls of ice in supercooled water increases and its surface (in our analogy - the universe) thus increases too ...
Yes, but what makes it a confusing analogy is that in our universe, not all the action is on the surface.
Cerveny wrote:- added a dimension is primarily physical matter. Formalized description of this operation is a mathematical matter. I believe in the local, time (fourth) dimension due to the significant influence of the time derivative at the common development...
I'm sorry, I don't understand this bit.
Cerveny wrote:- here I beg to differ: I do not think it's irrelevant. Mainstream physics crashes eighty years due to bad model - is necessary in order to leave the GTR...
Mainstream physics isn't about physical models, it's about mathematical descriptions of empirical data. GTR treats the universe as though it were topographical, the usual analogy is a stretched rubber sheet. It is a very accurate and useful model, but it doesn't follow that the universe is actually like that, anymore than the efficacy of Ptolemies epicycles means that the Earth is the centre of the universe. You have an interesting model of reality, but unless you can use it to make predictions that are verified by experiment, or generate mathematical models that are simpler to use, mainstream physics won't be interested. GTR is a tool and it works.