Philosophy Now Forum

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 5:58 pm

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 5:37 pm No, he/she just declared unilaterally that there as no such thing as independent, rational evidence for God.

Not all religions appear to believe in the same thing in terms of creation, and a creator.

The words in 'religions' are written by human beings who do NOT believe in the SAME 'things' in terms of creation, and a creator.

But OBVIOUSLY there is ONLY One CREATION, and thus Creator.

Oh, unless OF COURSE if one BELIEVES otherwise.

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 5:58 pm Does that not serve as evidence that there is also "independent, rational" evidence for other religious interpretations of the world?

NO.

Just because there might be a book written about a religion, which believes that dinosaurs created the Universe as ACTUAL 'independent, rational evidence' AT ALL for ANY such 'thing'. However, there may well be some Truly TWISTED and DISTORTED people who BELIEVE that 'that' IS 'evidence' for such a 'thing'.

LOL Some people even BELIEVE that 'red shift data' IS 'evidence' that the Universe IS EXPANDING, and thus MUST OF BEGAN. Which, AGAIN, ONLY a Truly DISTORTED and TWISTED thinking person would BELIEVE.

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 5:58 pm Really, all the first cause argument argues is that there is (logically) a first cause. It tells us almost nothing else about that first cause.

ONLY WHEN people START ASKING ABOUT 'the first cause', then we WILL START EXPLAINING ABOUT 'the first cause'.

SURELY 'this' is UNDERSTOOD by 'now', right?

By the way, out of ALL of the 'first cause arguments', how do ANY of them 'logically argue' that there IS 'a first cause'?

I take the word 'logically' here to MEAN that 'it' [whatever is being argued] could WORK theoretically AND empirically.

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 5:58 pm For all we know a "first cause" could be the first father of a "human" telling a son what to do and what not to do.

WHERE, WHEN, HOW did this ALLEGED 'first' "father" get 'its' INFORMATION FROM, EXACTLY?

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 5:58 pm
Do all fathers tell their sons the same thing? today, human beings are designing AI which can do many things much faster and more accurately than we can do. We have possibly "created" an intelligence that is in many ways "better" than our own.

LOL

But anyway I am NOT SURE how 'this' relates to God, and FIRST CAUSE.

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 5:58 pm It can make fewer mistakes it can do some things much more quickly. It can even hold a conversation with us in ways that don't always tell us that it is only "artificial" intelligence. Is it not possible that the universe did something similar when it produced us--started out small and then built its way up to something "better" or more complex?

As far as we can tell, we are here now and we know little of greater context than that.

But the GREATER context IS ALREADY KNOWN.

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 5:58 pm Outside of that, there are perhaps fragments of evidence suggesting that maybe life began with the simplest creatures and later in the fossil record we find us. In human development from childhood to adulthood, we find an increase in ability up to a certain point, then a kind of plateau and then there is the "downhill" cycle that more or less follows us to the end. Aside from that, we don't know much else about the world other than what we can measure and experience ourselves.

Here we have ANOTHER PRIME example of when what one thinks or knows, then 'it' thinks or BELIEVES that that is WHERE EVERY one IS AT on the 'knowledge level of things'.

iambiguous wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 6:56 pm Let's try this again, Mr. Wiggle...

iambiguous wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 1:38 am Over and again: I'm not much interested in what philosophers or theologians deduced about God. Given all that is at stake on both sides of the grave, I am far, far more interested in what they can provide me in the way of substantive and substantial evidence that God does exist.

I do NOT KNOW what 'they' could nor have provided you. But I KNOW, FOR SURE, that I COULD provide you with IRREFUTABLE PROOF that God does exist.

So now we WAIT, to SEE what HAPPENS.

iambiguous wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 6:56 pm Then I can jettison my grim belief that in a No God world objective morality is out of reach, that my existence is essentially meaningless and purposeless and that my death = oblivion.

That is my main interest in you here. You have managed to go beyond a leap of faith to the Christian God.You claim instead that there is evidence in those 16 or 17 YouTube videos that convinced you that He does in fact reside in Heaven.

You recommended one of them to Gary above.

I watched it myself:

Basically, what is being argued here is that, as the Christian woman says, in the absence of God, all things are permitted. That as philosophers like Camus noted, No God and human existence is essentially meaningless and absurd.

In other words [and I agree with this] if there is no God than there is no basis for objective morality. It is all merely the result of the evolution of life on Earth and "human conventions".

So, the atheist suggests that "human flourishing" ought to be the criteria. And the Christian woman then points out [rightly in my view] that if there is no God than who is to say what flourishing means? She points out how Hitler thought that his Nazi policies were what would accomplish this. And, she notes, certain philosophers have argued that using the tools of philosophy will not lead us to objective morality. And I agree with this in turn.

Then she gets to the bottom line for most Christians: "What happens after you die"?

No God, no afterlife.

She sums it all up: "If Christianity is true then each one of us is here for a reason. And life does not end at the grave. And God is the absolute standard of goodness. He knows you. He loves you. He intentionally created you. So, your life ultimately does have meaning and value and purpose."

But then the Atheist makes the point, "Well, that doesn't prove that Christianity is true".

And she agrees. She merely points out again how comforted and consoled you can be if you do believe in Christianity.

Even the Church Lady admits that what she tells the atheist isn't proof of the Christian God's existence.

So, is there another video I can watch instead that does establish this. Again, simply note the segment in the video that was most persuasive to you.

You know what you should have done. You know what you need to do.

You can do it, or not.

Now, that's entertainment!!!

Seriously, though, what you need to do is to comment on the points I raised regarding the video above. Or to explain to us why you refuse to. And, again, now that I am actually watching the videos, which one would you recommend that I watch next. Hopefully the one with the segment that was most persuasive in convincing you to jettison a leap of faith to God and to believe that He does in fact reside in Heaven.

The segment that, if henry quirk really is your friend, you will be encouraging him to watch too. Or explain to us why on Earth you would choose not to.

And now some more wiggling...

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 1:07 pm It does not matter where God "resides," if He exists. That's one of the things about being omnipresent that is analytically obvious. Your little addendum about the Pope and Rome is a bizarre one. But I see the reason you tacked it on: it lets you keep claiming I haven't come up to your "challenge," even when I have done what literally answers the original challenge you threw out.

As I recall, that's what we went back and forth regarding. You claiming that beyond a leap of faith, you knew that God did in fact exist.

How did you know?

1] It says so in the Christian Bible
2] those YouTube videos

I merely noted the distinction between demonstrating that the Christian God does exist and demonstrating that the Pope does exist. And what you have "done" ever since is to avoid noting the evidence in the videos that convinced you that the Christian God does in fact exist...everywhere.

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 1:07 pmThe original point was simply this: is there non-religious, independent, rational evidence for the existence of God? Now that you have the videos, you could know that the answer is "Yes," beyond any reasonable doubt.

Whether or not you're prepared to acknowledge it is now moot. You could, you should, and nobody can make you. So it's 100% on you to inform yourself of as much as you want to know. You have the evidence.

But the claptrap about the Pope, "resides in Heaven," etc? Nobody promised you that, Christianity doesn't claim that, and you made it up. So enjoy as many of the videos as you want...or don't. It's clear to me you don't even want to try to inform yourself...and I can't make you.

So, that really is what you are going to cling to, Mr. Wiggle?!!! Rather than save my soul and henry's soul and the soul of all the others here who have not accepted Jesus Christ as their personal savior...saving souls by noting the video segments powerful enough to convince you that the Christian God does exist...we have to watch all of the videos.

Yet you won't even comment on the points I noted regarding "meaning" video above. You won't even suggest the next most persuasive video we should watch.

How about that? I'll agree to watch all the videos, one by one, in the order you indicate. But after watching them one by one and commenting on them one by one, you respond to the points I raise. Starting with the "meaning" video above.
[/quote]

Harbal wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 7:46 pm

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 7:38 pm

Harbal wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 7:19 pm

You should watch some of this guy's videos, I suspect they are more interesting than IC's, and a damned sight more trutheful. He's an ex-Christian who saw the light and saved himself.

What videos are you referring to, Harbal? Did you mean to provide a link?

Yes, I did mean to give you a link, Gary.

Sorry about that.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-G5V-kWSsc8

LOL ANOTHER video which just, VERY COINCIDENTALLY, 'FINDS' 'evidence' for what 'the observer' was ALREADY currently BELIEVING is true.

It was NOT surprising AT ALL that absolutely EVERY one of these adult human beings, back when this was being written, would 'FIND' 'evidence' for what they were currently BELIEVING was true.

Also what was NOT surprising AT ALL was that these ones did NOT even RECOGNIZE what the ACTUAL DIFFERENCE was between what was ACTUAL 'proof' from what was just 'evidence'.

'evidence' for example has NO necessary ACTUAL bearing on the ACTUAL Truth of 'things', just like how the observation of the sun revolving around the earth IS 'evidence' that the sun ACTUALLY revolves around the earth. Whereas, the ACTUAL Truth is VERY DIFFERENT, and which is backed up and supported with ACTUAL PROOF. Which by the way 'proof' is ALWAYS IRREFUTABLE. Whereas, 'evidence' can ALWAYS be REFUTED.

Dubious wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 8:27 pm

Alexis Jacobi wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 1:58 pm
Your posts are often rhetorically corrupt and this one is no different. I will explain point by point.

The history of Christianity from the moment it became official under Constantine resembled one long mafia epic of corruption where morality or most of it consisted of nothing more than undeviating obedience to the church and infringements invariably punished. What it started off as and what it became are two entirely different stories. One wouldn't recognize the other. But since you think I'm semi-articulate and rhetorically corrupt go and fuck yourself and NEVER again respond to anything I say.

Your supercilious sense of superiority is somewhat sickening as is your cholesterol bloated prose; so to repeat, kindly fuck off!

Oh, btw, I always had a real soft spot for Daffy! At least there's some humor in it!

"alexis jacobi" AND "immanuel can" are both PRIME examples of the 'superiority complex', which is just ANOTHER False AND Wrong misgiving of and from ' the church of "christianity" '.

People WITHIN and UNDER the SPELL of "christianity" ACTUALLY BELIEVE that 'they' ARE BETTER than "others", and especially BETTER than "others" WITHIN and UNDER other religions like, for example, "islam". This can be CLEARLY SEEN by the Truly IMMORAL KILLINGS, which STILL TOOK PLACE, in the days when this is being written.

The CLEARLY CONDESCENSION of "others" by so-called "christian people" is as CLEAR and as OBVIOUS as DAYLIGHT IS, and which can be CLEARLY SEEN written here in this forum.

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:20 pm

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 5:58 pm

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 5:37 pm No, he/she just declared unilaterally that there as no such thing as independent, rational evidence for God.

Not all religions appear to believe in the same thing in terms of creation, and a creator. Does that not serve as evidence that there is also "independent, rational" evidence for other religious interpretations of the world?

Of course not.

But you're mixing up two questions. One is, "Is there any evidence for God," and the other is, "What is the nature of God?" The first comes before the second, and the videos are primarily relevant to the first, and are not intended to provide an answer to the second.

But the evidence in the videos is that there is NO God.

If you would just EXAMINE the videos "immanuel can" you could CLEARLY SEE 'this'.

I will repeat again, if you just watch the videos "immanuel can", then you can learn 'things'.

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:20 pm We were starting to talk about that second question when you left the discussion with commonsense. Nobody's picked it up, since.

I will pick 'it' up again now. So, what is the nature of God "immanuel can"? (besides of course that you BELIEVE God is 'male gendered')

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:20 pm

Really, all the first cause argument argues is that there is (logically) a first cause. It tells us almost nothing else about that first cause.

And that is all it was ever intended to do.

Is it not possible that the universe did something similar when it produced us--started out small and then built its way up to something "better" or more complex?

Well, AI is, at this moment, simply a delusion. As Searle's Chinese Room experiment suggests, we have no basis for deciding that a so-called "AI" is actually intelligent.

Yes we do. The basis for deciding relies upon the definition of the word 'intelligent'.

And, OBVIOUSLY, 'artificial intelligence', by definition is NOT 'intelligent'. So, NOW that 'this' is solved, ONCE and for ALL, we can move along.

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:20 pm All the programs we currently have are merely responding to programming, albeit in immensely complex ways.

But that's a different conversation, really. And I can see you're only trying to refer to AI as an analogy. And the aptness of that analogy, given present technology, is not great.

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:26 pm

iambiguous wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 6:56 pm

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 1:07 pm It does not matter where God "resides," if He exists. That's one of the things about being omnipresent that is analytically obvious. Your little addendum about the Pope and Rome is a bizarre one. But I see the reason you tacked it on: it lets you keep claiming I haven't come up to your "challenge," even when I have done what literally answers the original challenge you threw out.

As I recall, that's what we went back and forth regarding. You claiming that beyond a leap of faith, you knew that God did in fact exist.

And the videos cover that.

But the videos cover otherwise.

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:26 pm If you looked at them, you'd already know how wrong you are.

If you looked at them, you would already know wrong you are here.

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:26 pm
But you will not.

But you will not.

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:26 pm You're on your own.

So you are on your own here now.

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:28 pm

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:20 pm

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 5:58 pm
Not all religions appear to believe in the same thing in terms of creation, and a creator. Does that not serve as evidence that there is also "independent, rational" evidence for other religious interpretations of the world?

Of course not.

But you're mixing up two questions. One is, "Is there any evidence for God," and the other is, "What is the nature of God?" The first comes before the second, and the videos are primarily relevant to the first, and are not intended to provide an answer to the second.

We were starting to talk about that second question when you left the discussion with commonsense. Nobody's picked it up, since.

Really, all the first cause argument argues is that there is (logically) a first cause. It tells us almost nothing else about that first cause.

And that is all it was ever intended to do.

Is it not possible that the universe did something similar when it produced us--started out small and then built its way up to something "better" or more complex?

Well, AI is, at this moment, simply a delusion. As Searle's Chinese Room experiment suggests, we have no basis for deciding that a so-called "AI" is actually intelligent. All the programs we currently have are merely responding to programming, albeit in immensely complex ways.

But that's a different conversation, really. And I can see you're only trying to refer to AI as an analogy. And the aptness of that analogy, given present technology, is not great.

Work has apparently been done on creating AI that is capable of learning. I've chatted with chatbots that have produced coherent and intelligent responses to what I've typed in the blink of an eye.

These kind of responses makes some wonder if these people, back then, even actually 'thought about' what was ACTUALLY happening and occurring.

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:28 pm It seems almost as if the AI had the answer before I even typed it.

LOL This is because 'it' did.

'it' gets 'the answer' from what has ALREADY been written down.

LOL 'it' does NOT come up with 'its' OWN answer/s.

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:28 pm The feedback is almost instantaneous.

BECAUSE 'the information' ALREADY EXISTS.

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:28 pm You should try it. It might change your mind about how "imperfect" AI is compared to the human mind.

Imagine that what is being talked about here now was BECAUSE the words 'the first cause' were introduced.

And what is Truly humorous to WATCH and OBSERVE is that 'the first cause' words WERE in relation to the Universe and Everything.

But HOW QUICKLY these people, back then, would DRIFT OFF and WANDER, was Truly SO VERY QUICK.

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:41 pm

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:28 pm Work has apparently been done on creating AI that is capable of learning.

The problem is that "learning" has to be properly defined. We have the same problem with the word "intelligence," in this discussion.

you MIGHT, but we CERTAINLY DO NOT.

Also WHY do you spend some time talking ABOUT 'this' WHEN you do NOT spend ANY time talking ABOUT HOW God could even be 'male gendered'?

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:41 pm What computers are doing is adapting algorithms. That's not "learning," at least nothing like human beings so naturally do all the time. Likewise, computers today are not "intelligent," unless you reduce the definition of "intelligence" to "processing digital data."

So that claim's actually incorrect.

I've chatted with chatbots that have produced coherent and intelligent responses

You need to read about Weitzenbaum's "ELIZA" experiment, which he did back in the '60s. It's a cautionary example of how easy even experts are to fool on that score. ELIZA was a dead-simple, completely unintelligent language-altering program that still managed to convince a huge number of people that it was actually responding to them. We are far too easy to fool on that score. So don't trust your impressions: until you know the actual processes being used to fool you, you can be all too easily deceived on that score.

Just take the people who follow "christianity" for example, they were ACTUALLY FOOLED, and VERY SIMPLY, VERY EASILY, and VERY QUICKLY I will add, into be DECEIVED that God is somehow and laughably 'male gendered' of ALL 'things'.

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:41 pm You can still find ELIZA online today. And you can try "her" out. You'll find it amazing "she" fooled anybody. But that's what naivete about AI seems to do to people: we all too readily project intelligence onto things that are not intelligent, if they seem to give us even the least evidence of "responsiveness."

For example some people all to readily project 'personhood' or 'maleness' onto A 'Thing' like God, Itself.

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:41 pm The chatbots today are more complex, handle far more complex linguistic information, and are far more deceptive.

LOL So now we have people IMAGINING that computers, themselves, are TRYING TO deceive people. Which means, ONCE AGAIN, we have people all too readily projecting 'intelligence' onto A 'machine'.

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:41 pm But they aren't more intelligent...not if by "intelligent," we mean the kind of things human beings have.

Now we have here people talking about these 'machines' BEING 'intelligent' but just NOT 'more intelligent'.

And, LOL, 'this' started from 'the first cause'.

henry quirk wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:47 pm Iam, clearly still befuzzled and obsessed, asked: "Does or does not your friend Mannie believe that in order to save one's soul one must accept Jesus Christ as one's personal savior? And whether his friend believes he doesn't need to be saved, that part stays the same. Right?"

As I say: we spoon feed infants, not adults. Can't be any plainer than than, infant.

In other words you do NOT KNOW HOW to answer the question, or you are just TOO WEAK or TOO SCARED to just answer the question, because of the repercussions.

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:54 pm

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:41 pm

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:28 pm Work has apparently been done on creating AI that is capable of learning.

The problem is that "learning" has to be properly defined. We have the same problem with the word "intelligence," in this discussion.

What computers are doing is adapting algorithms. That's not "learning," at least nothing like human beings so naturally do all the time. Likewise, computers today are not "intelligent," unless you reduce the definition of "intelligence" to "processing digital data."

So that claim's actually incorrect.

I've chatted with chatbots that have produced coherent and intelligent responses

You need to read about Weitzenbaum's "ELIZA" experiment, which he did back in the '60s. It's a cautionary example of how easy even experts are to fool on that score. ELIZA was a dead-simple, completely unintelligent language-altering program that still managed to convince a huge number of people that it was actually responding to them. We are far too easy to fool on that score. So don't trust your impressions: until you know the actual processes being used to fool you, you can be all too easily deceived on that score.

You can still find ELIZA online today. And you can try "her" out. You'll find it amazing "she" fooled anybody. But that's what naivete about AI seems to do to people: we all too readily project intelligence onto things that are not intelligent, if they seem to give us even the least evidence of "responsiveness."

The chatbots today are more complex, handle far more complex linguistic information, and are far more deceptive. But they aren't more intelligent...not if by "intelligent," we mean the kind of things human beings have.

Pretty much the only thing AI can't do (as far as anyone knows) is have emotions or sensations (consciousness).

REALLY?

I think if you ENQUIRED then what you WILL FIND IS that there are MANY people who KNOW that there are MANY 'things' 'artificial intelligence' can NOT do other than just not have emotions nor sensations (which is what you class and consider as 'consciousness').

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 9:54 pm Otherwise, it can mimic a lot of things humans can do, and it can do them MUCH better. They're actually experimenting with brain augments to allow humans to perform various tasks better. That's not science fiction either. It's happening now.

https://thebulletin.org/2023/05/qa-how- ... st-heading

And to think that 'this' can from just the three words 'the first cause', which WAS in relation to the Universe, Itself.

In the days when this was being written, none of us could talk to Age because Age spent all his time wanting others to listen to him instead of listening to others. And we did the same. Because in those days we were all human.

iambiguous wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 11:22 pm ...lets get back to this...

No, let's not bother.

It's boring. And redundant. I'm not finding your contributions interesting or challenging in any way, not even remotely stimulating, or even particularly relevant. Then, even when you have a response to your question, you're not interested in it.

So off you go. I'm good with that.

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Mon Jun 19, 2023 2:18 am In the days when this was being written, none of us could talk to Age because Age spent all his time wanting others to listen to him instead of listening to others.

REALLY?

So WHEN I READ what you SAY and WRITE here, for example, AND THEN I ASK you CLARIFYING QUESTIONS, so that I can BETTER UNDERSTAND you, to you 'this' is NOT LISTENING TO 'you', "another", right?

Gary Childress wrote: ↑Mon Jun 19, 2023 2:18 am And we did the same. Because in those days we were all human.

Ah, so you are now BLAMING that 'it' IS BECAUSE 'we are human' the reason WHY we do NOT listen to "each other".

Is this right and correct?

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Mon Jun 19, 2023 2:26 am

iambiguous wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 11:22 pm ...lets get back to this...

No, let's not bother.

It's boring. And redundant. I'm not finding your contributions interesting or challenging in any way, not even remotely stimulating, or even particularly relevant. Then, even when you have a response to your question, you're not interested in it.

So off you go. I'm good with that.

That is it "immanuel can" RUN AWAY and HIDE, ONCE AGAIN.

OBVIOUSLY you do NOT have the INTELLIGENCE to just TELL us what you BELIEVE IS the ACTUAL evidence in those videos that SHOWS God DOES EXIST.

Or, EITHER you KNOW that that so-called 'evidence' is NOT sufficient and so you will NOT express 'it' BECAUSE of the FOLLOWING scenario which would TAKE PLACE.

But RUN AWAY and HIDE, ONCE MORE.

Immanuel Can wrote: ↑Mon Jun 19, 2023 2:26 am

iambiguous wrote: ↑Sun Jun 18, 2023 11:22 pm ...lets get back to this...

No, let's not bother.

It's boring. And redundant.

And so it was in the days when this was being written.

Meh. I guess we could have said nothing and accomplished the same thing. Will we humans ever be able to do anything right? Let us know what you think. Send all responses care of PhilosophyNowArchive@thepast.net.