Philosophy Now Forum

Love is a desire and there are two guiding ruling principles one is pleasure, the other is opinion that aspires after the best. These two are sometimes in harmony and then again at war and at times one conquers the other.

Imagine these two ruling powers, one of them is set over the intellectual world, and the other in the visible world. The two main divisions, one to the visible world and the other to the intelligible world clearly you will find that the first section is the sphere of the perception and consists of images shadows and reflections.

All these images that dwell in our mind are imprinted by the intervention of intelligence and communication upon what should be regarded as the wisdom by which these ideas are received. The intellectual world through the medium of sight or touch, or have any other senses. From these senses, derives all that sensible things aim at. What is great and what is small arises from the distinction of the visible and the intelligible

This inquiry draws the mind to contemplate. What is great and what is small arises when there is some contradiction and plurality; then thought begins to be aroused within and the mind perplexed wants to arrive at a decision.

The love of knowledge is there anything more akin to wisdom than knowledge. Love is strong in one direction like a stream, which has been drawn off into another channel. These are desires absorbed in the pleasure of knowledge if they mean to be a true love and not a sham.

Temperance is not courage or wisdom, the one valiant and the other wise. Not so temperance that extends and runs through all the notes of the scale, and produces a harmony in original form does the utmost to maintain harmony intact.

knowledge the ruling part of self, the whole being constituted according to nature will be wise; and this to be called wisdom, ordained by nature to be of all classes the least. Then let us finally determine that there are two principles existing in the soul.. and what of passion, or spirit? Is it a third, or akin to one of the preceding?


The same principle hold in the sciences? The object of science is thought (assuming that to be the true definition), but the object of a particular science is a particular kind of thought I mean, for example, that the science of house building is termed architecture.

Then may we fairly assume that they are two, and that they differ from one another; the one with which a man reasons, we may call the rational principle of the soul; the other, with which loves, and hungers, and thirsts, and feels the flattering of any other desire, may be termed irrational or appetitive, the ally of sundry pleasures and satisfactions?

What makes purpose complete is belief, because purpose itself cannot it is simply ideal, which has no support, cannot stand alone, or conditioned because purpose is sheer ideal.

It is the ethical society by being thoughtful preserves a spirit of the entire society, maintains itself collectively as pure spirit outside self and family. Society unconscious spirit rises out of heartlessness into a conscious one spirit for all, and this constitutes the element of divine and human law no opposition to one another, an absolute unbroken a sense of security and fulfillment known to every conscious being.

Here is society you will find people who are duty-bound encouraged doing their work in the best way. This is justice where the whole society grows up in fine order, and receives happiness which nature assigns them.

Look at purpose within take heed that no disorder occur, whether rich or poor arise; and regulate. Purpose will make a better person aspiring after true being none of worldly things can trouble it, neither sounds nor sights nor pain nor pleasure.


Purpose must not be taken as mere ideal or some act of service, it is a spirit an immediate truth, through purpose comes about feeling and devotion.

Feelings, perception, reason are called sensibility, the characteristic feature of animal. Our awaken state is a threefold process, first, the distinction between wakefulness from sleep, second, the faculty of perception and last, the alteration of heat. Sensation a supreme wealth of being because in it everything is reduced to feelings .

Everything is reduced to feelings, joy, pain, any mental feeling, seeing and hearing is absolute characteristic supreme wealth of purpose.

The absolute characteristic feature of animal nature is sensibility that holds together feelings, perception, purpose , will, and thinking. Our awaken state is this threefold process, first, the distinction between wakefulness from sleep, second, the faculty of perception and last, the alteration of heat.

The fully accomplished unity is the purpose the implicit unity which is present in the body unitary, finer than a point, has no spatial existence only a form of pure transparent clarity unclouded in its simplicity has only self for its object has only a speculative contemplating relationship with the outside world.

Necessity prevails over purpose and that is our struggle like any division. Purpose at times goes to war with necessity as though purpose and needs were two distinct things. Desires prevail over purpose

Only when self comes forward asserts not just a self-certainty but purpose is truth absolute; pure inner essence comes forward with the world over against it.

Love of anything is the release from bondage succeeds in attaining purpose. The process is twofold, self and world solely a unity of subjective and objective unconditional sacrifice and love. Here, master and slave are equally truth away from those fettered toils whether how small or important into purpose which causes a benefit to the world.

Enlightenment is called unconscious inner working and weaving of purpose. Purpose is nothing more than pure conscious self, that sheer implicit inner self-truth.

The highest knowledge is the idea of good that all other things become useful and advantageous like the eye: when resting on shining truth perceives and understands the highest knowledge and good. Everyone pursue it make good the end of all action.

Socrates believed there are three types of minds, lovers of gain, lovers of honor and lovers of knowledge. The soul into three parts; and distinguished the several natures of justice, temperance, courage, and wisdom. The idea of good is the highest knowledge and that all other things become useful and advantageous. The mind like the eye: when resting on shining truth perceives and understands the highest knowledge everyone pursues and makes good

Socrates told the story about Theuth; the bird called Ibis is sacred to him invented many arts, such as arithmetic, calculation, geometry, astronomy, drafts and dice. But his greatest discovery was the use of language.
Thamus was the king of the great city of upper Thebes in Egypt. Theuth showed his inventions hoping the other Egyptians maybe allowed to benefit from them. Thamus accepted all the inventions until came the use language he refused because they were not an aid to him. Thamus said that anyone not having attained to the mysteries of knowledge feeds on opinion. only having the show of intelligence but not knowing anything.
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The mind rises to the universal light, which lightens all things, and behold absolute good, Not as A heroic performer whose chief pursuit is to act, but simply as a matter of beholding the light of day.

The world of knowledge is the power upon which to act rationally, either in public or private life. Socrates is considered the wisest of all people from his youth upward was courageous, temperate, holy, free, and the like. He came to be what he imitated and all these virtues became his second Nature. Gifted of true nature of beauty and graceful fair senses, and the good in everything; beauty flowed into his senses like a breeze from a purer world, drawing into likeness and sympathy with reason. Truth is related to knowledge and posited as the aspect of being, apply an accepted standard that decides whether which is right or wrong. But the phenomenal of knowledge or the essential of knowledge is sheer intelligence and the criterion is not truth, but wisdom, insight, understanding, and perception.

This pathway of knowledge is consciousness. The truth which consciousness has concerning self can by its essential principle embrace nothing less than the entire system of consciousness.

In the solar system is the first display of bodies in relationship with each other. Here I enter into the sphere of opposition a state of difference. Look how Parmenides demonstrated like and unlike; that nothing turns into something cannot exist, for then it would be no longer absolute. It is very difficult to demonstrate absolute in reference to visible things or to consider the question only in reference to objects of thought, to what may be called ideas.

What is sunlight? How is light manifested? How is appearance made visible? First, sunlight is a luminous body just as the sun is a luminous body, but the sun is not caused by condition such as sunlight. Sun is only luminous matter relates only to itself and that is the reason why the sun shines. To consider sunlight I must investigate first, the determination, then second, the mode and manner in which sunlight reveals it, a restless whirlpool of self-relating pure velocity, and third, transparency that is everywhere present. Sunlight is pure universal actuality and has the possibility of unifying with all things it enters into community with. Everything exists because it is in sunlight.

Space and time are two absolute opposites in accord as one moment; space and time are a contradiction of accord. Space and time are held together fall and collapse together all in the same moment, is a peculiar situation is the transition of one into another This moment is precisely proclaims space and time ground and truth.

Space and time unity is affirmed a contradiction each is in them separate at the same moment. Space and time is affirmed a contradiction, each in themselves. As indifferent spatiality affirmed as one moment. Nothing can affect space even though material things exist in it they do not interfere with space.

Time is the truth of all things is history the foundation, and starting point. Present time is the result of the past and expecting the future. The unfolding of things is what makes time But time passes away does not rest, and material things are temporal because they are subject to time, thus time is relative. If everything stood still including our imagination then everything would endure. The only standpoint is present time distinct from past and future. present is eternal, will not come to be, nor was but it is having no beginning nor end.

Space and time as immediate existence are put in a peculiar situation viewed only as a transition of moments, yet each is separate. Precisely this separating makes known earth and reality.
They are a contradiction of unity, together; unbounded, freely extending in every direction is space and time has existence through space is the immediate collapse of sameness.

Space contains in itself no difference, extends in every direction, is absolute spreading, and has no connection to anything or any condition. Time does not affect space even though time exists in space, side-by-side, exists in complete abstraction do not interfere with each other.

Time we proceed to a place, which is our future; we leave one which is our past, yet at the same time we already at the place are reaching.
Motion is time and everything is reduced to time. Absolute space is oneness without assistance of the senses can be used as a pattern and, a view to that higher knowledge; in astronomy as in geometry, we employ this idea of space and time. It is hard to grasp for they are united yet two determinates in one. Space is oneness the un-limitless unbounded oneness, whereas the time is the unfolding of things.

Before all other is space contains in it no material differences whatsoever, extends in every direction as absolute whole spreading one not endowed with any specifics. Space is infinite, mediationless, indifference.


Metaphysicians have for years asked whether space is a property of time or is it on its own account. If space were a property of things then it must be like a box and that even when empty maintains a particular box but space is not a property of time it is freely spreading oneness that offers no resistance.

Space unlike time cannot be pointed out, except in geometrical dimensional moments, Space is before all other essential qualities, or things contains nothing material, just extends in every direction, is absolute spreading oneness not endowed or connected to any thing or any condition.

To measure space whole unlimited boundary cannot be done because space has no relative point has only dimensional ones, point, line and plane as mathematical or geometric boundaries.

That is why Thales thought the universe was all embracing whole developed microbe and that water was all-powerful being of life. Socrates believed that God is the only maker of real being, for no one else can be the maker. Not a particular maker but a real maker of real existence is God, the natural author. God likens that of mind which lifts the head into the outside world, and is carried round in the revolution, troubled indeed and with difficulty beholding true being; most of us rises and falls, and sees, and again fails to see the unruliness of the climb. This exceeding eagerness the mind to behold truth and where pasturage is found suited to the highest part of the mind; and on which mind soars is nourished with truth.

In addition, when the mind is unable to follow fails to behold the truth sinks beneath forgetfulness and wrong, falls, and drops to the ground. The cosmos is circular and uniform, a universal motion and the partly condition and partly free motion is the gravitation is the planetary motion. The principal moments of the cosmos sun, moon and planets is its perfect unity of being, a group of independent bodies nesting in an objective essential relationship to each other. This is universal cohesion is the relationship of one and another, the turns and expression of independence, even though dwelling together. Gravitation partly conditioned and partly free, occurring at the same time, is the moon motion. The celestial is divided into three motions, the cometary, moon, and planets. Motion of cometary and sunspots is the elliptic and uniform whereas moon is pendulum motion has its center not only in itself but also in another the cometary and sunspots motion. The moon motion is gravitation from the moon motion. These motions are the laws of universal