Gary Childress wrote: ↑Wed Jun 28, 2023 1:00 am
Impenitent wrote: ↑Wed Jun 28, 2023 12:42 am
I have always argued that the cogito amounts to the subject does something therefore the subject exists... it is circular...
Nietzsche had some arguments against it as well...
an article by Jonas Monte illustrates Nietzsche's positions:
https://aporia.byu.edu/pdfs/monte-Sum_ergo_cogito.pdf
-Imp
From the quoted article:
Thus, Descartes does not call into doubt the conceptualization of thinking, existence, consciousness,
and so on.
I'm not sure what that means. As far as I'm aware, Descartes wanted to find a foundation based on something which he could not possibly doubt.
The two 'things', which could NOT be possibly doubted are there ARE 'thoughts' existing, AND, A 'Thing', which IS AWARE, or CONSCIOUS of, 'those thoughts'.
Now, the entire so-called 'physical Universe' could just be a COMPLETE 'figment of imagination'. BUT, 'the thoughts' that 'I' am AWARE OF, EXIST. Although, and obviously, EVERY one of 'those thoughts' could be False, Wrong, Inaccurate, and/or Incorrect, or partly so. BUT 'thoughts' EXIST and so does the One that IS AWARE of 'them'.
Gary Childress wrote: ↑Wed Jun 28, 2023 1:00 am
That was the whole impetus of his meditations, the reason he undertook them. He was unsettled by all the uncertainty that was afflicting Europe at the time.
'Uncertainty', NATURALLY, exists, AND, so to does 'certainty', NATURALLY, exist. Neither is to be AFRAID, NOR SCARED, of, and which 'I' CERTAINLY NEVER AM, (which is CONTRARY TO POPULAR BELIEF, by some though).
Gary Childress wrote: ↑Wed Jun 28, 2023 1:00 am
So having a great interest in mathematics, he decided to try to see if he could build certainty in a Euclidean manner using a first axiom. He searched his thoughts for something that he could not even possibly doubt. He found that no matter how he approached it, he thought and because he thought, he must also be for if he were not, then he could not have thoughts.
'Thoughts', themselves, exist. But there is NOT 'one', which is 'having' thoughts. There is, however, One who IS, sometimes, AWARE of the 'thoughts', and 'thinking', which exist.
Gary Childress wrote: ↑Wed Jun 28, 2023 1:00 am
How one defines something like "existence", "substance" "consciousness" etc is open for much debate, however, in its simplest form Descartes hit the one rock he couldn't break with doubt. He exists (or at least existed).
That "he" exists, or at least existed, is also up for QUESTIONING, and CHALLENGING.
WHO, and/or WHAT, IS 'It', which ACTUALLY exists? Is A QUESTION, which THE ANSWER FOR, is REALLY, literally, quite REVEALING.
Gary Childress wrote: ↑Wed Jun 28, 2023 1:00 am
Of course, now he's stuck with the possibility of solipsism.
When what 'you', people, individually define 'solipsism', then 'we' can RESOLVE ANY and ALL issues, and/or problems, ANY of 'you' may well have here.
Gary Childress wrote: ↑Wed Jun 28, 2023 1:00 am
He went on to "prove" that God exists
Who did "descartes" PROVE that God exists TO, EXACTLY?
Gary Childress wrote: ↑Wed Jun 28, 2023 1:00 am
and that God is not a deceiver and that he can therefore trust the clear and distinct ideas in his mind, such as found in maths and science, etc.
"his mind"?
And, are you here saying that if one 'proves' God exists, to 'them', THEN they can TRUST EVERY so-called 'clear and distinct idea'?
Gary Childress wrote: ↑Wed Jun 28, 2023 1:00 am
Whether he succeeded in getting out of the Cogito is subject to much debate, however, I will say, one probably cannot be an ethical agent in the world if one does not believe others exist in the same way as oneself.
The futility and faulty reasoning here IS SO OBVIOUS, that is; once one learns HOW to FIND, SEE, and KNOW what the ACTUAL Truth of 'things' IS, EXACTLY, here.
Gary Childress wrote: ↑Wed Jun 28, 2023 1:00 am
Therefore, I find it pragmatically impossible (even potentially unethical) to dwell only in the Cogito and be of the mind that no other being around us who is like us feels pain or joy or suffers or anything else as we do.
The CONTRADICTIONS and INCONSISTENCIES in sentences BECOME BLATANTLY OBVIOUS here once the Truth WAS FOUND, and KNOWN.