Re: Western Philosophy is bankrupt
Posted: Sun Nov 24, 2013 9:31 pm
Alright they are not machines, of any kind. I will assume that "purpose" means in this statement something different from "reason of being", a goal of nature. That would have teleological implications, which (by the way) fall outside the scope of the type of science you're trying to advocate.Kuznetzova wrote:Conde Luncanor,
Our brains are not deduction machines. They are primarily an organ whose purpose is the survival and maintenance of the body. The same is true of sense organs.
I agree, but it is not a baseless propositioning either that most Western Philosophers would agree. So, why it has to be declared bankrupt?Kuznetzova wrote: Is this baseless propositioning on my part? No. Look at the evidence we have today. We cannot see in the dark of night...
It seems to me here that the "survival of the fittest" explanation (which I find the most reasonable explanation) has gone from a natural law governing human evolution, to a deterministic, teleological explanation, beyond the reality of nature itself. Those "survival values" and "purposes" seem to be somewhere else, are not immanent causes, but transcedental causes, which would need to be explained too (interesting to note the paradoxical appearance of transcendentalism in sciences supposedly founded on immanentism). It is true, however, that human capabilities derived from the process of natural selection allow for the first time the emergence of goals, values or purposes, what we call culture (in an anthropological sense). Nature by itself isn't suffice to explain what we are as humans, and neither is culture (understood as a blank state of our mind to be filled with experience). It is the dialogue, the dialectical process between nature (physis) and culture (nomos), in which one cannot be explained without the other.Kuznetzova wrote:Already our sense organs are dividing the world up in a way that is conducive to our survival, and not because we were designed to "see the world the way it is". It does not take a leap of faith, nor a wild conjecture, to claim that the mental categories of humans are related to our survival values. Since our brains contain functional areas whose purpose is survival of the body, then the mental categories may also be a product of categories whose boundaries are defined along value.
Well, yes, of course the advance of knowledge in Kant's time might be shy in the face of today's knowledge, but Kant, as most of his contemporary philosophers, was not set apart from the problems of physical sciences. There were not specialized fields as we have them today and the distinction between Physics and Metaphysics, science and philosophy, were not that clear. That came with the rise of Positivism. But anyway, Kant's project involved precisely some kind of recognition to the triumphs of physical sciences, since he was trying to raise the explanations of Metaphysics to the same level of "universality and necessity" than those of Newtonian sciences. We may argue whether his conclusions were ultimately right or wrong, but he certainly had seen the "bankrupcy" of the old philosophers. My point is that if this was happening two hundred years ago, within Western Philosophy itself, how can it be declared "bankrupt" now because of the state of Western Philosophy before Kant? As far as I know, Western Philosophy went on to have a healthy, productive life.Kuznetzova wrote:Emanuel Kant lived in a time when no one knew of the theory of evolution by natural selection. From that we gain "Traits of organism are properties of their survival in an ecological niche".
No one in Kant's time knew about molecules or how and why molecules are composed of atoms...
IN the 20th century, we probed the properties of the fundamental constituents of atoms, and we have a very fine theory of how they operate that we call the Standard Model. So Kant was correct in his day, but wrong in our contemporary time...
